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Net Culture and Online Journalism: Neil Cullen, Piers Dillon-Scott, Patrick O'Grady

This document discusses the history and development of online journalism. It begins with the creation of ARPANET in 1969 and the proposal of the World Wide Web in 1989-1990. New forms of online journalism then emerged such as blogs, metajournalism, and citizen journalism. Journalistic values are challenged by the democratic and commercial nature of the internet. Challenges for journalists include developing new revenue streams like paywalls, reporting news in real-time, and redefining gatekeeping in the online space. The role and job responsibilities of journalists are also changing.

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33 views19 pages

Net Culture and Online Journalism: Neil Cullen, Piers Dillon-Scott, Patrick O'Grady

This document discusses the history and development of online journalism. It begins with the creation of ARPANET in 1969 and the proposal of the World Wide Web in 1989-1990. New forms of online journalism then emerged such as blogs, metajournalism, and citizen journalism. Journalistic values are challenged by the democratic and commercial nature of the internet. Challenges for journalists include developing new revenue streams like paywalls, reporting news in real-time, and redefining gatekeeping in the online space. The role and job responsibilities of journalists are also changing.

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CM504

NET CULTURE AND ONLINE JOURNALISM

NEIL CULLEN, PIERS DILLON-SCOTT, PATRICK O’GRADY


“Human creativity, technological affordance and
economic advantage each contribute to shaping our
own individual networked media experiences - as both
producers and consumers”
“Facts are sacred, comment is free”
History

Combination of different technologies

Background:
• 1969 US military created ARPANET, a series of interconnected
computers.

• It was designed as a communication network that would allow the


US government to function after a nuclear attack.
World Wide Web:

• 1968 Doug Engelbart demonstraits the modern office PC, mouse,


internet, email

• 1989/1990 Tim Berners-Lee proposes what will eventually


become the world wide web

• 2005 - Web 2.0 - link to blog


Online Journalism

Remediation
New technologies are integrated into pre-existing social
systems (while others are repressed altogether) (Winston)

New media is usually used to reproduce the functions of


established media. (Winston)

The development of established technologies has been a


battle between what the consumer wants and what
corporations think they should have. (Finton)
Technology is an extension of the human experience (cameras
extend human vision, flash drives-human brains). (Marshall Mcluhan)

Existence online is not dependent on a physical presence (See


Allucquere Rosanne cited in the Lister Book).
New Forms of Journalism

Blogs:
“To some people, weblogs... will pass once the
novelty wears off” -Deuze

Metajournalism:

Citizen Journalism:
“New media technologies will never stabilise in
these conditions of permanent upgrade culture.
…[new] media will always be novel.” (Dovey and
Kennedy 2006a: 52 in Lister)
Remediation - (TV didn’t kill cinema)

It can brings the audience close to the source

• CNN iReport
• Twitter
• Newstalk
• RTE iPlayer
• Podcasting
Journalistic Values

The ‘democratic nature’ of the web is over played


according to Herbert Schiller.

“Transforming information into a salable good, available


only to those with the ability to pay for it, changes the
goal of information access from an egalitarian to a
privileged condition” (Schiller)

“It is important that journalists posses quality principles,


such as authority, legitimacy, and credibility.” (Deuze)

The success of wikipedia shows the potential for


community based information sharing that is completely
free. Peer-review is the only way of guaranteeing
knowledge (Lister)
It grows through the collective action of people.
Unwritten ethical codes that give it order.
A world all can enter without privilege or prejudice.
-The Declaration of the Independence of the Web
(Barlow)
Challenges for Journalists

Paywalls:
Financial Times, Wall Street Journal.

New Revenue Streams: Example


10% of the world advertisements online by the end of
2009 (Lister)

Gatekeeping, new style of research.


During the first 6 months of 2009

• 105 newspapers have been shuttered.


• 10,000 newspaper jobs have been lost.
• Print ad sales fell 30% in Q1 '09.
• 23 of the top 25 newspapers reported circulation declines
between 7% and 20%.
Source: Business Insider
Online paywalls are seen as a possible solution to
falling profits.

Three months after The New York Observer went


behind a paywall it has only 35 subscribers.

Paywalls could be viable, according to Chris


Anderson, editor of wired, if offered for niche content
within a larger, free, structure.
Challenges for Journalism

Real-Time:
The challenge for journalists is to create accurate
content as quickly as possible

Facebook, twitter, BBC, CNN, Google News crashed


Stats from America

• 59% get news from both online and offline sources on a


typical day 
• The internet is the third most popular news platform after TV
• 35% have a favourite site
• 33% of cell owners get news on their mobile devices
• 28% of internet users have personalised their news
experience

Source - Pew 
Discussion

Paywall?
Citizen Journalism?
Where will your job begin and end?

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