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Process Migration

Process migration involves selecting a process to move, suspending it at the source node, capturing and transferring its state to the destination node, and resuming execution there, allowing for improved load balancing, resource utilization, and reliability compared to keeping processes fixed on single nodes. However, process migration across heterogeneous systems is more challenging due to differences in data representation formats that require conversion during state transfer.

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Madhur shailesh Dwivedi
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161 views9 pages

Process Migration

Process migration involves selecting a process to move, suspending it at the source node, capturing and transferring its state to the destination node, and resuming execution there, allowing for improved load balancing, resource utilization, and reliability compared to keeping processes fixed on single nodes. However, process migration across heterogeneous systems is more challenging due to differences in data representation formats that require conversion during state transfer.

Uploaded by

Madhur shailesh Dwivedi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Migration

Process Migration

Time • Selecting a process to be


Source Site Destination Site migrated
Process P1
: • Selecting the destination
:
: node
:
Execution • Suspending the process
suspended
Freezing Transfer of • Capturing the process state
time control
Execution • Sending the state to the
Resumed
: destination
:
: • Resuming the process
:
Process P1 • Forwarding future messages
to the destination
Process Migration
Benefits

• Better response time and execution speed-up


– Dynamic load balancing among multiple nodes
– Using a faster CPU
• Higher throughput and Effective resource utilization
– Migrating I/O and CPU-bound processes to file and cycle
servers.
• Reducing network traffic
– Migrating processes closer to the resources they are using
most heavily.
• Improving system reliability
– Migrating processes from a site in failure to more reliable
sites
– Replicating and migrating critical processes to a remote.
Process Migration
State Capturing

• CPU registers
– Captured upon a freeze
• Address space
– Difficult to restore pointers
• I/O state:
– Fast I/O Operations
• Completed before a process migration
– Durable I/O Operations like files and user interactions
• Difficult to carry files in use and to freeze/restore system calls.
• Necessity to maintain a connection with I/O established at the source
node.
• Some popular files available at the destination node
Process Migration
Address Transfer Mechanisms

Total Freezing Pretransferring Transfer-on-reference


Source Destination Source Destination Source Destination
node node node node node node

Suspended
Migration Migration Migration
Suspended decision decision Freezing decision
time

Freezing Transfer of Transfer of On-demand resumed


time address space Suspended address space transfer

Freezing
resumed time resumed

Merits: freezing time reduceMerits: quick migration


erits: easy implementation
emerits: long delayDemerits:
time Demerits:
total time extended large memory lat
Process Migration
Message Forwarding Mechanisms
Resending messages Ask origin site
Origin Origin
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
Send Send

ResendMigrate Migrate

Dest 1 Forward Dest 1


Resend again

Migrate again Migrate again

Dest 2 Dest 2
Process Migration
Message Forwarding Mechanisms (Cont’d)

Link traversal Link Update


Origin Origin
Sender Receiver Sender Receiver
Send Send

Forward New location


Send Link
Migrate Migrate
Send
Dest 1 Dest 1
Forward New location
Link
Migrate again Send Migrate again

Current location
Dest 2 Dest 2
Process Migration for
Heterogeneous Systems
Process Migration
Heterogeneous Systems

• Using external data representation


• Floating-point data
– External data representation must have at least as much space as the
longest floating-point data representation
– Process migration is restricted to only the machines that can avoid the
over/underflow and the loss of precision.
• Architectural-dependent data representation
– Singed-infinity and singed-zero
• In general, process migration over heterogeneous systems are too
expensive
– Conversion work
– Architectural-dependent representation handling
• Always interrupting external data representation
– Java

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