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Multiple-Row Function and Group by Clause

This document discusses multiple-row functions and the GROUP BY clause in SQL. It defines multiple-row functions as functions that return a result based on multiple rows of data and describes common aggregate functions like MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, and COUNT. It provides examples of using these functions with the GROUP BY clause to group and aggregate data from the Student table by course ID.

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Lee Plaid
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104 views19 pages

Multiple-Row Function and Group by Clause

This document discusses multiple-row functions and the GROUP BY clause in SQL. It defines multiple-row functions as functions that return a result based on multiple rows of data and describes common aggregate functions like MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, and COUNT. It provides examples of using these functions with the GROUP BY clause to group and aggregate data from the Student table by course ID.

Uploaded by

Lee Plaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7

Multiple-Row Function and


Group By clause

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
Identify

the available group functions


Describe the use of group functions
Use the GROUP BY clause to group data

Multiple-row Functions Definition


Multiple-row functions are functions that
return a result based on multiple-row.
It is also known as Aggregate function or a
group function.
Group functions operate on sets of rows to
give one result per group.

Multiple-row Functions Definition


GPA
3.21
2.71
3.82

Maximum GPA in
the STUDENT table

3.05
1.89
3.89
2.22
3.11
3.34
1.88
3
1.88
2.74
3.12

Highest GPA
3.89

Types of Multiple-row Functions


Function

Description

Max (expr)

Maximum value in a column, ignore null values

Min (expr)

Minimum value in a column, ignore null values

Avg (expr)

Average of all values in a column, ignore null


values

Sum (expr)

Sum of all the values in a column, ignore null


values

Count (expr)

Number of rows in the column that are not null.

Count (*)

Total number of rows in the table, including


duplicates and rows with nulls.

Using Multiple-row Functions


Max,

min and count functions can be use on text,


number and date columns.
Sum and avg functions only can be applied on
numeric columns only.
All group functions except Count(*) ignore null
values. To substitute a value for null values, use the
NZ function.

Using the MAX and MIN


Functions
SELECT Max(GPA) AS [Highest GPA],
Max (LastName) AS [First in Alpha order] ,
Min(LastName) As [Last in Alpha Order] ,
Min(DateEnrolled) As [Earliest Enrolled Date]
from Student;
Output:
Highest
GPA
First
in Alpha order
AVG(SAL)
SUM(SAL)

---------------3.89 Williams
1400
5600

Last in Alpha Order


Bartell

Earliest Enrolled Date


3/3/2000

Using the AVG and SUM Functions


SELECT AVG(GPA) AS [Average], SUM(GPA) As [Total GPA]
from Student;
Output:

Average
2.84714285714286

Total GPA
39.86

Using the COUNT Function


COUNT(*)

returns the number of rows in a

query.
SELECT Count(*) AS [No of Students]
FROM Student;
Output:
No of Students
16

The example above will calculate the number of rows from the STUDENT table.

Using the COUNT Function


COUNT(expr)

returns the number of

nonnull rows.
SELECT Count(GPA) As [Earn GPA]
FROM Student;
Output:
Earn GPA
14

The example above calculate the number of rows from the GPA columns
that are not null.

Group Functions and Null


Values

Group

functions ignore null values in the

column.
SELECT AVG(GPA) AS [Average GPA]
FROM Student;
Output:
Average GPA
2.84714285714286

* The AVG divides the total GPA by 14 instead of 16 students.

The

Using the NZ Function


with Group Functions

NZ function forces group functions to


include null values.
SELECT AVG(NZ(GPA,0)) AS [Average GPA]
FROM Student;
Output:
Average GPA
2.49125

The average is calculated as total GPA being divide by all students


in the STUDENT table, 16 students.

Creating Groups of Data


CourseID

GPA

DCS

3.21

DCS

1.89

DCS

3.89

DCS

2.74

DIC

3.34

DIC

2.22

DCS

3.89

DIC

3.34

DIC

3.34

DIC

3.12

DICT

3.11

DIT

3.82

DICT
DICT

3.11

DICT

DIT

3.82

DIT

3.05

DIT

1.88

DIT

1.88

DNC

Max GPA for each course in


STUDENT table
CourseID

DNC

Highest GPA

Creating Groups of Data:


GROUP BY Clause

Use

the GROUP BY clause to divide rows


in a table into smaller groups.
SELECT
FROM
[WHERE
[GROUP BY
[ORDER BY

column, group_function
table
condition]
group_by_expression]
column];

Using the GROUP BY Clause


All

columns in the SELECT list that are not


in group functions must be in the GROUP
BY clause.
SELECT CourseID, Max(GPA) As [Highest GPA]
FROM Student
Group By CourseID;
Output:

CourseID

Highest GPA

DCS

3.89

DIC

3.34

DICT

3.11

DIT

3.82

DNC

Using the GROUP BY Clause


The

GROUP BY column does not have to


be in the SELECT list.
SELECT Max(GPA) As [Highest GPA]
FROM Student
Group By CourseID;
Output:

Highest GPA
3.89
3.34
3.11
3.82

Using the GROUP BY Clause


Display

the number of students in each

course.
SELECT CourseID, Count(*) As [Course Students]
FROM Student
Group By CourseID;
Output:
CourseID

Course Students

DCS

DIC

DICT

DIT

DNC

Using a Group Function in the


ORDER BY Clause
SELECT CourseID, Count(*) As [Course Students]
FROM Student
Group By CourseID
Order By Count(*);
Output:
CourseID

Course Students

DNC

DICT

DIT

DIC

DCS

Summary
Showing

different queries that use group

functions
Grouping by rows to achieve more than
one result

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