MEDIUMS OF
THE VISUAL ARTS
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3
Mediums of
the Visual Arts
REFERS TO THE
MATERIALS WHICH
ARE USED BY AN
ARTIST
MEANS BY WHICH HE
COMMUNICATES HIS
IDEAS
MANY MEDIUMS HAVE
BEEN USED IN
CREATING DIFFERENT
WORKS OF ART
MEDIUMS IS VERY
PIGMENTS
Pigments of the painter
could be applied to:
Wet
Plaster
Canvas
Wood
Paper
Pigments:
Oil
Tempera
Watercolor
Pastel
Fresco
Acrylic
PAINTING
The art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of
pigments
OIL PAINTING
Pigments are mixed in oil
The most familiar type of painting is done with oil on canvass.
The surface to be suitable must receive oil paint freely and yet not
absorb it, can withstand temperature changes and not crack the
pigment on it.
Pigments can come from many sources: minerals, vegetable matter,
coal tars, and other chemical combinations
Two Methods in Oil Painting
Direct
method: paints are opaque and are applied to the surface
just as they are to look in the finished product
Indirect
method: the paint is applied in many thick layers of
transparent color.
Oil
color is the best method for convincing
representation where exact reproduction of a
color tone is necessary.
TEMPE
Mixture of ground pigments and an
RA
albuminous or colloidal vehicle, either
egg, gum, or glue, used by Egyptian,
Medieval, and Renaissance painters.
Special characteristic: EMULSION
-Watery, milk-like texture of oily
and watery consistency.
Advantages of Tempera
- Rapid drying
-Great luminosity of the stone
- Colors are clear and beautiful
3 Principal Dimensions
1.Unvarnished or goauche like
tempera
2. Varnished tempera
3. tempera as under painting for oil
Resurrection with Two Angels by
Bernardino Fungai
Temper a on Wood Siena, 1460-1616
Majesty Segna Di
Bonaventura Tempera on Panel
Siena, 1298-1326
WATERCOLO
R
Pigments are mixed with water and
applied to fine
white paper.
Require a high degree of technical
dexterity.
Paper is the most commonly used for
ground.
Opaque watercolor is also called
gouache
Made by grinding
opaque colors with
water and mixing the
product with a
preparation of gum
and adding Chinese
white to transparent
watercolors.
SCULPTURES
What are
Sculptures?
the
art of making two- or
three-dimensional
representative or abstract
forms,by the use of
different mediums. (to be
discussed later on.)
In
choosing a subject for
sculpture, the most important
thing to consider is the material.
Substances available for
sculpture are limitless.
Some of the earlier sculptures
are made from bone or wood.
Different materials required
different methods of handling.
Types of Mediums in Making Sculpture
Soft Medium
Has freedom
Lend itself to a moderate
technique that uses
squeezing and shaping and
continuously adding to it
as the work goes on
Hard Medium
Modeling allows for the
expansion of gesture
Requires the process of
cutting and taking away
from the block
Clay is a good example of
soft medium
Carving is confined to the
limits of wood or stone
Stone and wood is a good
example of hard medium
Major Sculpture Processes Used:
Subtractive Process: ( - )
A
process in which
unwanted material
is cut away.
Carving
of Stone
and Wood is a good
example. It is the 2
major mediums in
subtractive
process.
Additive Process: ( + )
The construction of a
figure by putting together
bits of clay, or by welding
together parts of a metal.
Final results are produced
by putting together smaller
segments of metals.
May be plastic material
and can be molded like
moist clay.
Materials may be rigid or
semi-rigid like metal wires,
rods and plates.
2 Types of
Sculpture:
Relief
Figures which are
attached to the
ground like the
relief of Stela of
Akhenaten and
the Sculpture
made by Ed
Castrillo for the
Polytechnic
University of the
Philippines.
Freestanding:
Can be seen from
all sides can be
seen from all
sides like the UP
Oblation made by
Guillermo
Tolentino in 1949.
It is made of
bronze and stone.
RELIEF SCULPTURES
Bonifacio Shrine
Made by: Eduardo
Castrillo
FREE-STANDING SCULPTURES
Stone and Bronze
The media most commonly used for
sculpture are stone and metal.
Stone is durable, resistant to
elements, fire and other hazards. On
the other hand, it is heavy and breaks
easily.
Marble is the most beautiful of stones.
Plenty in Greece and Italy and
commonly used. High gloss and
polished; more or less permanent.
Pieta by Michael Angelo in the
Wood
Advantage:
Really Cheap, Readily Available
and easy to cut. Polishes well and has
smooth, shiny surface and beautiful color.
Relatively
light and can be made easily into a
variety of shapes. The grain of wood that
could be seen ads to beauty.
Carved
Pulpit of the San Austin Church in
Intramuros is an example of Phil. Carving.
Disadvantage: Limited in Size and Burns Easily.
Discolor and Decays easily in the Phil.
Climate.
Ivory
Ivory
Statues survive through long
periods of time due to the intrinsic
value of the material. Ivory lends
itself to technical mastery. Popular
to ordinary craftspeople.
Many
statues of saints have heads
and arms made of Ivory.
Ivory
lacks the vigor of wooden
statues.
Like
wood, it also cracks.
Seldom
used today.
Terra Cotta
Terra
Cotta means Cooked
Earth.
It
is made when Moist Clay is
molded and then subjected to
heat.
Moderately
Coarse Clay product
fired comparatively low
temperature.
Usually
painted and coated in
heavy glaze.
Mount Li(shan); Qin Shi
Other
Materials
Aluminum
Chromium
Steel
Plastic
Chemically
Treated Clay & Stone for
casting in liquid form
*** Plastic is less expensive for use as a
casting material than metals and less
fragile in many ways. Beauty; lightness
makes it preferable to other materials.
MATERIALS IN
ARCHITECTURE
The materials used in a building and the
methods which are used in assembling them
are among the factors contributing to
architectural style.
Availability of materials is important.
Durability and beauty is the basis of choosing
the materials.
