GROWTH AND YIELD OF HYBRID TOMATO
(Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill.) AS INFLUENCED
BY AZOLLA AND DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
INORGANIC FERTILIZER
Jhen Rhey Hope I. Tugguin
BSA 4D
Arnel C. Rivera
Adviser
Significant of the Study
Excessive amounts of inorganic
fertilizers are applied to
vegetables in order to achieve a
higher yield (Stewart et al., 2005).
Significant of the Study
Chemical fertilizers alone generate several
deleterious effects to the environment and
human health and they should be
replenished in every cultivation or season
because the synthetic N, P and K fertilizer is
rapidly lost by either evaporation or by
leaching in drainage water and it causes
dangerous environmental pollution (Aisha et
al., 2007).
Significant of the Study
Therefore; emphasis should be laid
on to reduce the use of chemical
inputs and improving their use
efficiency (Saravanapandian et al.,
2005).
Significant of the Study
Biological farming is an option to
solve these problems and application
of organic matter such as azolla,
farmyard manure and compost can
obtain N requirement, provides
micronutrients and modifies soil
physical and chemical behavior
Significant of the Study
The use of azolla as green manure
has received renewed attention with
emphasis on long term sustainability
of agricultural system because it can
be used as a source of soil nutrients
and alternative to the maintenance
of soil fertility (Ali, 1999).
Objectives of the Study
Determine the effect of azolla as
green manure in combination with
inorganic fertilizer on the growth and
yield of hybrid tomato.
Objectives of the Study
Evaluate the effect of azolla
and inorganic fertilizer on the
growth and yield of hybrid
tomato.
Objectives of the Study
Determine the effect of azolla
on the physical properties of the
soil.
Objectives of the Study
Determine the financial benefit
of using azolla as green manure
and
in
combination
with
inorganic fertilizer on hybrid
tomato.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study will limit its scope on the
effects of inorganic fertilizer and
azolla on the growth and yield of
hybrid tomato and the physical
properties of the soil.
Time and Place of the Study
The study will be conducted from
November 2015 to March 2016 at
the Experimental Station, NVSU,
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.
Materials
Tomato seeds
Inorganic fertilizer
Azolla
Materials
Meter stick
Vernier
caliper
Grub hoe
Rake
Bolos
Sprinkler
Sprayer
Shovel
Weighing scale
Trellis
Record book
Ball pen
Methods
Experimental Design and Lay-out.
Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD)
Experimental lot 280.5 sq. meters
(divided 3 equal blocks)
Methods
Experimental Design and Lay-out.
Block will be subdivided in to five plots
Plot dimension 2.5 m x 5 m
Distances between plots and
blocks 1.00 m
Treatments
Treatment 1: Control (no fertilizer)
Treatment 2: Recommended rate of
inorganic fertilizer (IF) (90-60-60 kg
NPK/ha)
Treatment 3: Recommended rate of
inorganic fertilizer + 2 tons azolla/ha
Treatments
Treatment 4: Recommended rate of
inorganic fertilizer + 4 tons azolla/ha
Treatment 5: Recommended rate of
inorganic fertilizer + 6 tons azolla/ha
Methods
Seed bed preparation.
1m x 3m plot
3 kg organic matter
Transplanting and replanting.
Spacing of 0.50 m
Transplanting (morning or late in the afternoon)
Replanting (3-4 days after transplanting)
Methods
Fertilizer and Azolla
application
Fertilizer
recommendation (90-60-60 kg N-P2O5-K2O/h
Azolla (3 weeks before transplanting)
Care and Maintenance of the Crop
Irrigation
Weeding
Trellis
Insect & disease
control
Methods
Harvesting
Handpicking (2 days interval)
Soil sampling and soil analysis.
Physical properties
(texture, bulk density, and porosity)
Methods
Statistical tool
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Data to be gathered
The following growth parameters
will be measured from ten
representative selected plants from
each.
Data to be gathered
Yield and Yield Components
Plant height (cm)
Days to Maturity
Number of marketable fruits per plant
Number of non-marketable fruits per
plant
Data to be gathered
Yield and Yield Components
Weight of marketable fruits per plant (kg)
Weight of marketable fruits per plot (kg)
Weight of non-marketable fruits per plant
(kg)
Fruit diameter of marketable fruits (cm)
Fruit length (cm)
Data to be gathered
Yield and Yield Components
Yield per hectare (t/ha)
Plot yield (kg)
Mean yield (t/ha) =
x 10t/m2/kg
Plot size (m2)
Data to be gathered
Cost and Return Analysis
Return on Investment (ROI).
Return on Expenses =
Net income
x 100
Production
Cost
Data to be gathered
Soil Physical Properties
Bulk density
Percent pore space.
BD
% PS = 100 - x 100
PD
EXPERIMENTAL LAY-OUT
(Randomized Complete Block
Design)
Block
2.5m
Legend:
Plant
Thank you
Azolla
Azolla is a freshwater water fern that lives in
ponds, lakes, swamps, and streams in both
tropical and sub-tropical conditions. For
many centuries, azolla has been used in
southern China and northern Vietnam as
green manure for rice.
Common names: Red Azolla, Ferny Azolla,
Scientific name: Azolla pinnata
What is Azolla?
Red Azolla is a small, native, floating fern one of only
six, free-floating, aquatic fern species. It grows from 1
cm to 2.5 cm wide and is a bright green colour. Its
colour changes to deep red when it is exposed to the
sun, thus the name Red Azolla.
Azolla grows in waterways in dense patches, which can
look like a green or red carpet. From a distance it may
be confused with Salvinia, a noxious aquatic weed, or
the scum of a bluegreen algal bloom.
MORPHOLOGY
The azolla fern is a freely floating fern with
multi branches and long roots. Each leaf has
two lobes, the ventral and dorsal lobes. The
dorsal lobes are chlorophyllous and house
the algal symbiont. The nitrogen fixing
symbiont is present during all developmental
stages of the fern. More importantly, the
microsymbiont exhibits host specificity
because no other algal species is found in
the leaf cavities.
The Elemental composition
for Azolla on a dry weight
basis.
Percent
NITROGEN
2.5-3.5
PHOSPHORUS 0.15-1.00
POTASSIUM
0.25-5.50
CALCIUM
0.45-1.25
MAGNESIUM
0.25-0.50
SULPHUR
0.20-0.75
SILICA
0.15-3.50
SODIUM
0.15-1.25
CHLORINE
0.50-0.75
ALUMINIUM
0.04-0.50
IRON
0.04-0.50
MANGANESE(ppm ) 60-2500
COPPER(ppm ) 2-250
ZINC(ppm )
25-750
hemical Analysis of Azolla on a dry weight basis.
% on dry matter basis.
ASH
10.00
CRUDE FAT
3.0-3.5
CRUDE PROTEIN
20-25
SOLUBLE SUGARS
3.0-3.5
STARCH
6.0-6.5
CHLOROPHYLL-A
0.250.50
