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Shifting Graphs

1. Graphs of functions can be transformations of basic function graphs through shifts, stretches, shrinks, and reflections. 2. Vertical shifts move the graph up or down, horizontal shifts move the graph left or right, and reflections flip the graph across an axis. 3. Stretching or shrinking a graph vertically makes it taller or shorter, while horizontal stretching or shrinking makes the graph wider or narrower.

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Raigan
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281 views

Shifting Graphs

1. Graphs of functions can be transformations of basic function graphs through shifts, stretches, shrinks, and reflections. 2. Vertical shifts move the graph up or down, horizontal shifts move the graph left or right, and reflections flip the graph across an axis. 3. Stretching or shrinking a graph vertically makes it taller or shorter, while horizontal stretching or shrinking makes the graph wider or narrower.

Uploaded by

Raigan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shifting Graphs

The graphs of many functions are transformations


of the graphs of very basic functions.
Example:
The graph of y = x2 + 3
is the graph of y = x2
shifted upward three units.
This is a vertical shift.
The graph of y = x2 is the
reflection of the graph of
y = x2 in the x-axis.

y = x2 + 3

y = x2
4

x
4

-4
-4

y = x2
-8

Vertical Shifts
If c is a positive real number, the graph of f (x) + c
is the graph of y = f (x) shifted upward c units.
If c is a positive real number, the graph of f (x) c
is the graph of y = f(x) shifted downward c units.
y

f (x) + c
+c
-c

f (x)
f (x) c
x
3

Example: Use the graph of f (x) = |x| to graph the


functions g(x) = |x| + 3 and h(x) = |x| 4.
y

g(x) = |x| + 3

f (x) = |x|

h(x) = |x| 4
x
4

-4
-4

2
,yyx2+x132yx21,andyx23.
y

Graphing Utility: Sketch the graphs given by


4

Horizontal Shifts
If c is a positive real number, then the graph of
f (x c) is the graph of y = f (x) shifted to the right
c units.
y

If c is a positive real
number, then the
graph of f (x + c) is
the graph of y = f (x)
shifted to the left
c units.

-c

+c

y = f (x + c)

y = f (x)

x
y = f (x c)

Example: Use the graph of f (x) = x3 to graph


g (x) = (x 2)3 and h(x) = (x + 4)3 .
y

f (x) = x3

4
-4

h(x) = (x + 4)3

g(x) = (x 2)3
7

2
,yy(x12x3)2y(x3)2,andy(x1)2.
y

x
Graphing Utility: Sketch the graphs given by
7

4
yy
xx4yx54

Example: Graph the function


using the graph of
.
First make a vertical shift
4 units downward.

y
4

(0, 0)

(4, 2)

-4

(0, 4)

Then a horizontal shift 5


units left.

(4, 2)

-4

( 5, 4)

(1, 2)

The graph of a function may be a reflection of the


graph of a basic function.
y

The graph of the


function y = f (x)
is the graph of
y = f (x) reflected
in the y-axis.

y = f (x)

y = f (x)
x

y = f (x)

The graph of the function y = f (x)


is the graph of y = f (x) reflected in the x-axis.
10

Example: Graph y = (x + 3)2 using the graph of y = x2.


First reflect the graph
in the x-axis.

Then shift the graph


three units to the left.

y = x2

4
x

(3, 0)
4

-4

y = x

y = (x + 3)2
11

1
2
1
y

x
2
y
x41
4
4

Vertical Stretching and Shrinking

If c > 1 then the graph of y = c f (x) is the graph of y = f (x)


stretched vertically by c.

If 0 < c < 1 then the graph of y = c f (x) is the graph of y = f (x)


shrunk vertically by c.
y = x2

Example: y = 2x2 is the


graph of y = x2
stretched vertically by 2.

y = 2x2

is the graph of y = x2

shrunk vertically by

12

1
y

x
2
1
y2x1
2

Horizontal Stretching and Shrinking

If c > 1, the graph of y = f (cx) is the graph of y = f (x)


shrunk horizontally by c.

If 0 < c < 1, the graph of y = f (cx) is the graph of y = f (x)


stretched horizontally by c.
y

Example: y = |2x| is the


graph of y = |x| shrunk
horizontally by 2.

y = |2x|

y = |x|

is the

graph of y = |x| stretched


horizontally by

-4

13

,yx3y10x,andy10x.
y

3
3
3
3
y10x3

Graphing Utility: Sketch the graphs given by


5

14

Example: Graph

1
y2(x)33
1
y2(x)33
using the graph of y = x3.

Graph y = x3 and do one transformation at a time.


y
y
8
4

-4

-4

Step 1: y = x

Step 2: y = (x + 1)3

Step 3:
Step 4:

15

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