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01.evolution of Microprocessors

The document traces the history and development of microprocessors from early 4-bit designs like the Intel 4004 introduced in 1971 to modern 64-bit multi-core processors. It discusses several generations of chips including early 8-bit processors like the Intel 8080, early 16-bit processors like the Intel 8086, the 32-bit Intel 80386 which was the first 32-bit processor, and more recent 64-bit multi-core processors from Intel like the Core i7, Core i5, and Core i3 lines. Each generation brought increased processing power, more transistors, higher clock speeds, larger addressable memory, and additional features.

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54 views

01.evolution of Microprocessors

The document traces the history and development of microprocessors from early 4-bit designs like the Intel 4004 introduced in 1971 to modern 64-bit multi-core processors. It discusses several generations of chips including early 8-bit processors like the Intel 8080, early 16-bit processors like the Intel 8086, the 32-bit Intel 80386 which was the first 32-bit processor, and more recent 64-bit multi-core processors from Intel like the Core i7, Core i5, and Core i3 lines. Each generation brought increased processing power, more transistors, higher clock speeds, larger addressable memory, and additional features.

Uploaded by

sasi_kar_1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

HISTORY OF

MICROPROCESSORS

CONTENTS

Introduction

4-Bit Microprocessors

8-Bit Microprocessors

16-Bit Microprocessors

32-Bit Microprocessors

INTRODUCTION

Fairchild Semiconductors (founded in 1957) invented the first


IC in 1959.
In 1968, Robert Noyce, Gordan Moore, Andrew Grove
resigned from Fairchild Semiconductors.
They founded their own company Intel (Integrated
Electronics).

Intel grown from 3 man start-up in 1968 to industrial giant by


3
1981.

4-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL 4004

Introduced in 1971.

It was the first microprocessor by


Intel.

It was a 4-bit P.

Its clock speed was 740KHz.

It had 2,300 transistors.


It could execute around 60,000

INTEL 4040

Introduced in 1974.

It was also 4-bit P.

8-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL 8008

Introduced in 1972.

It was first 8-bit P.

Its clock speed was 500


KHz.

Could execute 50,000


instructions per second.

INTEL 8080

Introduced in 1974.

It was also 8-bit P.

Its clock speed was 2


MHz.
It had 6,000 transistors.

instructions
second.
Was 10 timesper
faster
than
8008.

Introduced in 1976.

It was also 8-bit P.

INTEL 8085

Its clock speed was 3 MHz.


Its data bus is 8-bit and
address bus is 16-bit.

It had 6,500 transistors.

Could execute 7,69,230


Over
100 million
copies
instructions
per second.
were sold.

10

16-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

Introduced in 1978.

It was first 16-bit P.

Its clock speed is 4.77 MHz, 8


MHz and 10 MHz, depending on
the version.

INTEL 8086

Its data bus is 16-bit and


address bus is 20-bit.

It had 29,000 transistors.

Could
execute 2.5
It
had Multiply
andmillion
Divide
instructions
per
second.
instructions.

INTEL 8088

Introduced in 1979.

It was also 16-bit P.

It was created as a cheaper


version of Intels 8086.

It was a 16-bit processor with


an 8-bit external bus.
Could execute
2.5 million
industry
when IBM
used it for
instructions
its
first PC. per second.

13

INTEL 80186 & 80188

Introduced in 1982.

They were 16-bit Ps.


Clock speed was 6 MHz.

80188 was a cheaper


version of 80186 with an 8bit external data bus.
They had additional

Interrupt Controller

components like:

Clock Generator

Local Bus Controller

INTEL 80286

Introduced in 1982.

It was 16-bit P.

Its clock speed was 8 MHz.

Its data bus is 16-bit and


address bus is 24-bit.

It could address 16 MB of
memory. per second.
instructions

15

32-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL 80386

Introduced in 1986.

It was first 32-bit P.

Its data bus is 32-bit and


address bus is 32-bit.
It could address 4 GB of
memory.

It had 2,75,000 transistors.


Its clock speed varied from 16
MHz to 33 MHz depending upon
the various versions.
Different versions:

Intel
80386 became the best
80386 DX
selling microprocessor in history.

17

Introduced in 1989.

It was also 32-bit P.

It had 1.2 million transistors.


Its clock speed varied from 16
MHz to 100 MHz depending
upon the various versions.
It had five different versions:

80486 DX

80486 SX

80486 DX2

INTEL PENTIUM

Introduced in 1993.

It was also 32-bit P.

It was originally named 80586.

Its clock speed was 66 MHz.


Its data bus is 32-bit and
address bus is 32-bit.
It could address 4 GB of
memory.

8 KB for data.

Could execute 110 million

INTEL PENTIUM PRO

Introduced in 1995.

It was also 32-bit P.

It had L2 cache of 256 KB.


It had 21 million transistors.

8 KB for instructions.

8 KB for data.

It was primarily used in


server systems.

Cache memory:

INTEL PENTIUM II

Introduced in 1997.

It was also 32-bit P.

Its clock speed was 233


MHz to 500 MHz.
Could execute 333 million
instructions per second.
were on one circuit.
MMX technology was

INTEL PENTIUM II XEON


Introduced in 1998.

It was also 32-bit P.

It was designed for servers.

Its clock speed was 400


MHz to 450 MHz.

L1 cache of 32 KB & L2
in same system.
cache of 512 KB, 1MB or 2
MB.

INTEL PENTIUM III

Introduced in 1999.

It was also 32-bit P.

Its clock speed varied


from 500 MHz to 1.4
GHz.
It had 9.5 million
transistors.

INTEL PENTIUM IV

Introduced in 2000.

It was also 32-bit P.

Its clock speed was from


1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz.

L1 cache was of 32 KB &


L2 cache of 256 KB.
to copper.
It had 42 million transistors.

INTEL DUAL CORE

Introduced in 2006.

It is 32-bit or 64-bit P.

It has two cores.


Both the cores have there
own internal bus and L1
cache, but share the
external bus and L2 cache
(Next Slide).

Adobe SMT
Photoshop
ItE.g.:
supported
supported SMT.
technology.

25

64-BIT MICROPROCESSORS

INTEL CORE 2

Introduced in 2006.

It is a 64-bit P.

Its clock speed is from 1.2


GHz to 3 GHz.
It has 291 million transistors.

It has 64 KB of L1 cache per


core and 4 MB of L2 cache.

Intel Core 2 Duo

It is launched in three different

versions:
Intel Core 2 Quad

Intel Core 2 Extreme

28

INTEL CORE I7

Introduced in 2008.

It is a 64-bit P.

It has 4 physical cores.


Its clock speed is from 2.66
GHz to 3.33 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.

INTEL CORE I5

Introduced in 2009.

It is a 64-bit P.

It has 4 physical cores.


Its clock speed is from 2.40
GHz to 3.60 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.

INTEL CORE I3

Introduced in 2010.

It is a 64-bit P.

It has 2 physical cores.


Its clock speed is from 2.93
GHz to 3.33 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.

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