3rd Shock and Vibration Symposium 2012

NESC Academy

Shock Response Spectra

& Time History Synthesis
By Tom Irvine

This presentation is sponsored by

NASA Engineering &

Safety Center (NESC)

Dynamic Concepts, Inc.

Huntsville, Alabama

Contact Information
Tom Irvine
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (256) 922-9888

The software programs for this tutorial session are

available at:
http://www.vibrationdata.com
Username: lunar
Password: module

NESC Academy

Response to Classical Pulse

Excitation

NESC Academy

Outline

1. Response to Classical Pulse

Excitation
2. Response to Seismic Excitation
3. Pyrotechnic Shock Response
4. Wavelet Synthesis
5. Damped Sine Synthesis
6. MDOF Modal Transient Analysis

Classical Pulse Introduction

NESC Academy

Vehicles, packages, avionics

components and other systems
may be subjected to base input
shock pulses in the field
The components must be
designed and tested accordingly
This units covers classical pulses
which include:

Half-sine
Sawtooth
Rectangular
etc

Shock Test Machine

NESC Academy

Classical pulse shock testing has

traditionally been performed on a
drop tower
The component is mounted on a
platform which is raised to a certain
height
The platform is then released and
travels downward to the base
The base has pneumatic pistons to
control the impact of the platform
against the base
In addition, the platform and base
both have cushions for the model
shown
The pulse type, amplitude, and
duration are determined by the
initial height, cushions, and the

platfor
m
bas
e

Half-sine Base Input

NESC Academy
1 G, 1 sec HALF-SINE PULSE

Accel
(G)

Time (sec)
8

Systems at
Rest
Soft

Har
d

Natural Frequencies (Hz):

0.063
2.0

0.125
4.0

0.25

0.50

Each system has an amplification factor of

Q=10

1.0

Click to begin animation.

Then wait.

10

Systems at
Rest
Soft

Har
d

Natural Frequencies (Hz):

0.063
2.0

0.125
4.0

0.25

0.50

1.0

11

Soft

Soft system has

high spring
relative
deflection, but
its mass
remains nearly
stationary

Responses at Peak Base

Input

Har
d

Hard system has

low spring
relative
deflection, and its
mass tracks the
input with near
unity gain
12

Soft

Responses Near End of

Base Input

Har
d

Middle system has

high deflection for
both mass and spring
13

Soft Mounted Systems

NESC Academy

Soft System Examples:

Automobiles isolated via shock
absorbers
Avionics components mounted via
isolators
It is usually a good idea to mount
systems via soft springs.
But the springs must be able to
withstand the relative displacement
without bottoming-out.

14

Isolated avionics
component,
SCUD-B missile.
Public display in
Huntsville,
Alabama, May
15, 2010

Isolator Bushing

15

 But some systems must be hardmounted.

Consider a C-band transponder or telemetry
transmitter that generates heat. It may be
hardmounted to a metallic bulkhead which acts as a
heat sink.
Other components must be hardmounted in order to
maintain optical or mechanical alignment.
Some components like hard drives have servocontrol systems. Hardmounting may be necessary
for proper operation.
16

SDOF System

NESC Academy

17

Free Body Diagram

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Summation of forces

18

Derivation

NESC Academy

Equation of motion

Let z = x - y. The variable z is thus the relative displacement.

Substituting the relative displacement yields

Dividing through by mass yields

19

19

Derivation (cont.)

NESC Academy

By convention

is the natural frequency

(rad/sec)
is the damping ratio

20

Base Excitation

NESC Academy

Half-sine Pulse

Equation of Motion

Solve using Laplace transforms.

21

SDOF Example

NESC Academy

A spring-mass system is subjected to:

10 G, 0.010 sec, half-sine base input
The natural frequency is an independent variable
The amplification factor is Q=10
Will the peak response be
> 10 G, = 10 G, or < 10 G ?
Will the peak response occur during the input pulse or
afterward?
Calculate the time history response for natural frequencies =
10, 80, 500 Hz

22

SDOF Response to Half-Sine Base Input

NESC Academy

>> halfsine
halfsine.m version 1.4 December 20, 2008
By Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
This program calculates the response of a single-degree-of-freedom system subjected to
a half-sine base input shock.
Select analysis
1=time history response 2=SRS 1
Enter the amplitude (G) 10
Enter the duration (seconds) 0.010
Enter the natural frequency (Hz) 10
Enter amplification factor Q 10
maximum acceleration =
minimum acceleration =

3.69 G
-3.154 G

Plot the acceleration response time history ?

1=yes 2= no 1
23

maximum acceleration =
3.69 G
minimum acceleration =

24

maximum acceleration =
G
minimum acceleration =

16.51
-13.18

25

maximum acceleration =
G
minimum acceleration =

10.43
-1.129

26

Summary of Three Cases

NESC Academy

A spring-mass system is subjected to:

10 G, 0.010 sec, half-sine
base input
Shock Response
Spectrum Q=10
Natural
Peak Positive
Frequency
Accel (G)
(Hz)

Peak
Negative
Accel (G)

10

3.69

3.15

80

16.5

13.2

500

10.4

1.1

Note that the Peak Negative is in terms of absolute

value.
27

Half-Sine Pulse SRS

NESC Academy

>> halfsine
halfsine.m version 1.5 March 2, 2011
By Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
This program calculates the response of
a single-degree-of-freedom system subjected
to a half-sine base input shock.
Assume zero initial displacement and zero initial velocity.
Select analysis
1=time history response 2=SRS 2
Enter the amplitude (G) 10
Enter the duration (seconds) 0.010
Enter the starting frequency (Hz) 10
Enter amplification factor Q 10
Plot SRS ?
1=yes 2= no 1
28

SRS Q=10
Input

10 G, 0.01 sec Half-sine Base

X: 80 Hz
Y: 16.51 G

Natural Frequency
(Hz)

29

Program Summary

NESC Academy

Matlab Scripts

Papers

halfsine.m

sbase.pdf

terminal_sawtooth.m

terminal_sawtooth.pd
f
unit_step.pdf

Video
HS_SRS.avi

30

NESC Academy

Response to Seismic Excitation

El Centro, Imperial Valley,

Earthquake

NESC Academy

Nine people were killed by the May 1940 Imperial Valley

earthquake. At Imperial, 80 percent of the buildings were
damaged to some degree. In the business district of Brawley,
all structures were damaged, and about 50 percent had to be
condemned. The shock caused 40 miles of surface faulting on
the Imperial Fault, part of the San Andreas system in southern
California. Total damage has been estimated at about $6
million. The magnitude was 7.1.

El Centro Time History

NESC Academy

EL CENTRO EARTHQUAKE NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT

0.4
0.3
0.2

ACCEL (G)

0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4

10

20

30
TIME (SEC)

40

50

Algorithm

NESC Academy

Problems with arbitrary base excitation are solved using a

convolution integral.
The convolution integral is represented by a digital recursive
filtering relationship for numerical efficiency.

Smallwood Digital Recursive

Filtering Relationship
x i

NESC Academy

2 exp n t cos d t x i 1
exp 2n t x i 2

1
exp n T sin d T y i
1

d T

1
sin d T
2 exp n T cos d T

d T

y i 1

1
exp n T sin d T y i 2
exp 2n T

d T

El Centro Earthquake
Exercise I
Run Matlab script: arbit.m
Acceleration unit : G
ASCII text file: elcentro_NS.dat
Natural Frequency (Hz): 1.8
Q=10
Include Residual? No
Plot: maximax

NESC Academy

El Centro Earthquake
Exercise I

Peak Accel = 0.92 G

NESC Academy

El Centro Earthquake
Exercise I

NESC Academy

Peak Rel Disp = 2.8

in

El Centro Earthquake
Exercise II
Run Matlab script: srs_tripartite
Acceleration unit : G
ASCII text file: elcentro_NS.dat
Starting frequency (Hz): 0.1
Q=10
Include Residual? No
Plot: maximax

NESC Academy

SRS Q=10
Centro NS

El

NESC Academy

fn = 1.8 Hz
Accel = 0.92
G
Vel = 31
in/sec
Rel Disp =
2.8 in

Peak Level Conversion

NESC Academy

omegan = 2 fn
Peak Acceleration
( omegan^2)

( Peak Rel Disp )

Pseudo Velocity
( omegan)

( Peak Rel Disp )

Run Matlab script: srs_rel_disp

Input : 0.92 G at 1.8 Hz

Golden Gate Bridge

NESC Academy

Note that current Caltrans standards require bridges to

withstand an equivalent static earthquake force (EQ) of 2.0 G.
May be based on El Centro SRS peak Accel + 6 dB.

Program Summary

NESC Academy

Matlab Scripts
arbit.m
srs.m
srs_tripartite.m

43

NESC Academy

Pyrotechnic Shock Response

Delta IV Heavy Launch

NESC Academy

The following video shows a

Delta IV Heavy launch, with
attention
given
to
pyrotechnic events.
Click on the box on the next
slide.

45

Delta IV Heavy Launch (click on box)

NESC Academy

46

Pyrotechnic Events

NESC Academy

Avionics components must be designed and

tested to withstand pyrotechnic shock from:
Separation Events
Strap-on Boosters
Stage separation
Fairing Separation
Payload Separation
Ignition Events
Solid Motor
Liquid Engine

47

Frangible Joint

NESC Academy

The key components of a Frangible Joint:

Mild Detonating Fuse (MDF)

Explosive confinement tub
Separable structural element
Initiation manifolds
Attachment hardware

48

Sample SRS Specification

NESC Academy

Frangible Joint, 26.25 grain/ft, Source Shock

SRS Q=10
fn (Hz)

Peak (G)

100

100

4200

16,000

10,000

16,000

49

dboct.exe

NESC Academy

Interpolate the specification at 600 Hz.

The acceleration result will be used in a later
exercise.
50

51

Pyrotechnic Shock Failures

NESC Academy

Crystal oscillators can shatter.

Large components such as DC-DC converters can
detached from circuit boards.
52

Flight Accelerometer Data, Re-entry Vehicle Separation Event

Source: Linear Shaped Charge.

Measurement location was nearfield.

NESC Academy

Pyrotechnic Shock Exercise

Run script: srs.m

External ASCII file: rv_separation.dat
Starting Frequency: 10 Hz
Q=10

NESC Academy

Flight Accelerometer Data SRS

Absolute Peak is
2420 Hz

NESC Academy

20385 G at

Flight Accelerometer Data SRS (cont)

Absolute Peak is
2420 Hz

526 in/sec at

NESC Academy

Historical Velocity Severity Threshold

NESC Academy

For electronic equipment . . .

An empirical rule-of-thumb in MIL-STD-810E states that a shock response
spectrum is considered severe only if one of its components exceeds the
level
Threshold = [ 0.8 (G/Hz) * Natural Frequency (Hz) ]
For example, the severity threshold at 100 Hz would be 80 G.
This rule is effectively a velocity criterion.
MIL-STD-810E states that it is based on unpublished observations that
military-quality equipment does not tend to exhibit shock failures below a
shock response spectrum velocity of 100 inches/sec (254 cm/sec).
The above equation actually corresponds to 50 inches/sec.
It thus has a built-in 6 dB margin of conservatism.
Note that this rule was not included in MIL-STD-810F or G, however.

NESC Academy

Wavelet Synthesis

Shaker Shock

NESC Academy
A shock test may be performed on
a shaker if the shakers frequency
and amplitude capabilities are
sufficient.
A time history must be
synthesized to meet the SRS
specification.
Typically damped sines or
wavelets.
The net velocity and net
displacement must be zero.

59

Wavelets & Damped Sines

NESC Academy

A series of wavelets can be synthesized to satisfy

an SRS specification for shaker shock
Wavelets have zero net displacement and zero
net velocity
Damped sines require compensation pulse
Assume control computer accepts ASCII text time
history file for shock test in following examples

60

Wavelet Equation

NESC Academy

Wm (t) = acceleration at time t for wavelet m

Am = acceleration amplitude

f m = frequency

Nm = number of half-sines, odd integer > 3

t dm = delay

61

Typical Wavelet

NESC Academy
WAVELET 1 FREQ = 74.6 Hz
NUMBER OF HALF-SINES = 9 DELAY = 0.012 SEC

50
40

30

ACCEL (G)

20
10

0
-10
2

-20
-30

8
4

-40
-50

0.012 0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

TIME (SEC)

62

SRS Specification

NESC Academy

MIL-STD-810E, Method 516.4, Crash Hazard for Ground

Equipment.
SRS
Q=10
Natural
Frequency
(Hz)

Peak
Accel (G)

10

9.4

80

75

2000

75

Synthesize a series of wavelets as a base input time history.

Goals:
1. Satisfy the SRS specification.
2. Minimize the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the
base input.

63

Synthesis Steps

NESC Academy

Step

Description

Generate a random amplitude, delay, and half-sine

number for each wavelet. Constrain the half-sine
number to be odd. These parameters form a
wavelet table.

Synthesize an acceleration time history from the

wavelet table.

Calculate the shock response spectrum of the

synthesis.

Compare the shock response spectrum of the

synthesis to the specification. Form a scale factor
for each frequency.

Scale the wavelet amplitudes.

64

Synthesis Steps (cont.)

Step

NESC Academy
Description

Generate a revised acceleration time history.

Repeat steps 3 through 6 until the SRS error is

minimized or an iteration limit is reached.

Calculate the final shock response spectrum error.

Also calculate the peak acceleration values.
Integrate the signal to obtain velocity, and then
again to obtain displacement. Calculate the peak
velocity and displacement values.

Repeat steps 1 through 8 many times.

10

Choose the waveform which gives the lowest

combination of SRS error, acceleration, velocity and
displacement.
65

Matlab SRS Spec

NESC Academy

>> srs_spec=[ 10 9.4 ; 80 75 ; 2000 75 ]

srs_spec =
1.0e+003 *
0.0100
0.0800
2.0000

0.0094
0.0750
0.0750

66

Wavelet Synthesis Example

NESC Academy

>> wavelet_synth
wavelet_synth.m, ver 1.2, December 31, 2010
by Tom Irvine
Email: [email protected]
This program synthesizes a time history using wavelets to satisfy
a shock response spectrum (SRS) specification.
The program also optimizes the time history to yield the lowest overall error,
acceleration, velocity, and displacement.
The optimization is performed via trial-and-error.
Select data input method.
1=keyboard
2=internal Matlab array
3=external ASCII file
2

67

Wavelet Synthesis Example (cont)

NESC Academy

The array must have two columns: Natural Freq(Hz) SRS(G)

Enter the array name: srs_spec
Enter octave spacing.
1= 1/3 2= 1/6 3= 1/12
3
Enter damping format for SRS.
1= damping ratio 2= Q
2
Enter SRS amplification factor Q (typically 10)
10
Enter the number of trials.
200
Enter units
1=English: G,
in/sec, in
2=metric: G,
m/sec, mm
3=metric: m/sec^2, m/sec, mm
1
68

Wavelet Synthesis Example (cont)

NESC Academy

The following weight numbers will be used to select the optimum

waveform.
Suggest using integers from 0 to 10
Enter individual error weight 2
Enter
total error weight 2
Enter
displacement weight 1
Enter
velocity weight 1
Enter
acceleration weight 1

69

Wavelet Synthesis Example (cont)

Peak Accel =
Peak Velox =
Peak Disp =
Max Error =

NESC Academy

25.274 G
39.119 in/sec
0.450 inch
2.013 dB

Output Time Histories:

displacement
velocity
acceleration
shock_response_spectrum
wavelet_table [index accel(G) freq(Hz) half-sines delay(sec)]
Elapsed time is 804.485450 seconds (about 13 min)

70

Synthesized Acceleration

NESC Academy
Acceleration

30
20

Accel (G)

10
0
-10
-20
-30

0.05

0.1

0.15

Time (sec)

0.2

0.25

71

Synthesized Velocity

NESC Academy
Velocity

40

Velocity (in/sec)

30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40

0.05

0.1

0.15

Time (sec)

0.2

0.25

72

Synthesized Displacement

NESC Academy
Displacement

0.5
0.4
0.3

Disp (inch)

0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5

0.05

0.1

0.15

Time (sec)

0.2

0.25

73

Synthesized SRS

NESC Academy
Shock Response Spectrum Q=10

10

Peak Accel (G)

positive
negative
spec & tol
2

10

10

10

10

100

Natural Frequency (Hz)

1000

2000

74

data_convert.m

NESC Academy

>> data_convert
data_convert.m ver 2.0 March 12, 2010
by Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
This program converts Matlab data to ASCII text data.
Enter the output filename:
wavelet_table.txt
Enter the Matlab data format:
1=Data is in a single array
2=Data is in multiple vectors
1
Enter the Matlab vector or array name: wavelet_table
Select precision:
1=single 2=double
1
Data save complete.
75

SDOF Modal Transient

NESC Academy

Assume a circuit board with fn = 400 Hz, Q=10

Apply the reconstructed acceleration time history as a
base input.
Use arbit.m
76

SDOF Response to Wavelet Series

NESC Academy

>> arbit
arbit.m ver 2.6 January 3, 2011
by Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
This program calculates the response of a single-degree-of-freedom system
to an arbitrary base input time history.
The input time history must have two columns: time(sec) & accel(G)
Select file input method
1=external ASCII file
2=file preloaded into Matlab
3=Excel file
2
Enter the matrix name: acceleration
Enter the natural frequency (Hz) 400
Enter damping format: 1= damping ratio 2= Q 2
Enter the amplification factor (typically Q=10) 10
77

SDOF Response to Wavelet Series (cont)

NESC Academy

Include residual?
1=yes 2=no
1
Add trailing zeros for residual response
Calculating acceleration
Calculating relative displacement
Acceleration Response
absolute peak =

78.22 G

maximum =
72.26 G
minimum =
-78.22 G
overall =
15.22 GRMS

78

SDOF Acceleration

NESC Academy
SDOF Acceleration Response fn=400 Hz Q=10

100
80
60

Accel (G)

40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100

0.05

0.1

0.15

Time (sec)

0.2

0.25

79

Program Summary

NESC Academy

Programs
wavelet_synth.m
data_convert.m
th_from_wavelet_table.m
arbit.m

Homework
If you have access to a vibration control computer . . . Determine
whether the wavelet_synth.m script will outperform the control
computer in terms of minimizing displacement, velocity and
acceleration.
80

NESC Academy

Damped Sine Synthesis

81

Damped Sinusoids

NESC Academy

Synthesize a series of damped sinusoids to satisfy the SRS.

Individual damped-sinusoid

Series of damped-sinusoids

Additional information about the equations is given in

Reference documents which are included with the zip file.
82

NESC Academy

Typical Damped Sinusoid

DAMPED SINUSOID fn = 1600 Hz

Damping Ratio = 0.038

15

10

ACCEL (G)

-5

-10

-15

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

TIME (SEC)
83

Synthesis Steps

Step
1

NESC Academy

Description
Generate random values for the following for each
damped sinusoid: amplitude, damping ratio and
delay.
The natural frequencies are taken in one-twelfth
octave steps.

Synthesize an acceleration time history from the

randomly generated parameters.

Calculate the shock response spectrum of the

synthesis

Compare the shock response spectrum of the

synthesis to the
specification. Form a scale factor for each
frequency.

Scale the amplitudes of the damped sine

components

84

Synthesis Steps (cont.)

Step

NESC Academy

Description

Generate a revised acceleration time history

Repeat steps 3 through 6 as the inner loop until the

SRS error
diverges

Repeat steps 1 through 7 as the outer loop until an

iteration limit is reached

Choose the waveform which meets the specified

SRS with the
least error

10

Perform wavelet reconstruction of the acceleration

time history so that velocity and displacement will
each have net values of zero

85

Specification Matrix

NESC Academy

>> srs_spec=[100 100; 2000 2000; 10000 2000]

srs_spec =
100
2000
10000

100
2000
2000

86

damped_sine_syn.m

NESC Academy

>> damped_sine_syn

damped_sine_syn.m ver 3.9 October 9, 2012

by Tom Irvine
Email:[email protected]

This program synthesizes a time history to satisfy a shock

response spectrum specification. Damped sinusoids are used
for the synthesis.

Select data input method.

1=keyboard
2=internal Matlab array
3=external ASCII file
2

The array must have two columns: Natural Freq(Hz) SRS(G)

Enter the array name: srs_spec

87

damped_sine_syn.m (cont.)

NESC Academy

Enter duration (sec):

(recommend >= 0.04)
0.04

Recommend sample rate = 100000 samples/sec

Accept recommended rate? 1=yes 2=no 1

sample rate = 1e+05 samples/sec

Enter damping format: 1=damping ratio 2=Q 2

Enter amplification factor Q (typically 10) 10

Number of Iterations for outer loop: 200

88

damped_sine_syn.m (cont.)

NESC Academy

Perform waveform reconstruction? 1=yes 2=no

1

Enter the number of trials per frequency. (suggest 5000) 5000

Enter the number of frequencies. (suggest 500) 500

After script complete, copy array as

follows:
accel_base = acceleration;

89

Acceleration

NESC Academy
ACCELERATION TIME HISTORY

SYNTHESIS

800
600
400

ACCEL (G)

200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TIME (SEC)

90

Velocity

NESC Academy
VELOCITY TIME HISTORY

SYNTHESIS

40
30

VELOCITY (in/sec)

20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TIME (SEC)

91

Displacement

NESC Academy
DISPLACEMENT TIME HISTORY

SYNTHESIS

0.04
0.03

DISPLACEMENT (inch)

0.02
0.01
0
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TIME (SEC)

92

Shock Response Spectrum

NESC Academy
SRS Q=10

SYNTHESIS

10000
Spec & 3 dB Tol
Negative
Positive

PEAK ACCEL (G)

1000

100

10
100

1000

10000

NATURAL FREQUENCY (Hz)

93

SDOF Modal Transient

NESC Academy

Assume a circuit board with fn = 600 Hz, Q=10

Apply the reconstructed acceleration time history as a
base input.
Use arbit.m
94

SDOF Response to Synthesis

NESC Academy

>> arbit
arbit.m ver 2.5 November 11, 2010
by Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
This program calculates the response of a single-degree-of-freedom system to an
arbitrary base input time history.
The input time history must have two columns: time(sec) & accel(G)
Select file input method
1=external ASCII file
2=file preloaded into Matlab
3=Excel file
2
Enter the matrix name: accel_base
Enter the natural frequency (Hz) 600
Enter damping format: 1= damping ratio 2= Q 2
Enter the amplification factor (typically Q=10) 10
95

SDOF Response Acceleration

NESC Academy

SDOF RESPONSE (fn=600 Hz, Q=10) ACCELERATION TIME HISTORY

1000

ACCEL (G)

500

-500

-1000

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TIME (SEC)

Absolute peak is 626 G. Specification is 600

G at 600 Hz.
96

SDOF Response Relative Displacement

NESC Academy

SDOF RESPONSE (fn=600 Hz, Q=10) RELATIVE DISPLACEMENT TIME HISTORY

0.020
0.015

REL DISP (inch)

0.010
0.005
0
-0.005
-0.010
-0.015
-0.020

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

TIME (SEC)

Peak is 0.17 inch.

97

Peak Amplitudes

NESC Academy

Absolute peak acceleration is 626 G.

Absolute peak relative displacement is 0.17 inch.
For SRS calculations for an SDOF system . . . .
Acceleration / n2 Relative Displacement
[ 626G ][ 386 in/sec^2/G] / [ 2 (600 Hz) ]^2 = 0.17
inch

98

Program Summary

NESC Academy

Programs
dboct.exe
damped_sine_syn.m
arbit.m
Additional Program
Convert acceleration time history to Nastran format as preprocessing
step. The file can then be imported into a Femap model as function:
ne_table2.exe

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NESC Academy

Apply Shock Pulses to Analytical Models

for MDOF & Continuous Systems
Modal Transient Analysis

Continuous Plate Exercise

NESC Academy

ss_plate_base.m ver 1.6 October 10, 2012

by Tom Irvine Email: [email protected]
Normal Modes & Optional Base Excitation for a simply-supported plate.
Select material
1=aluminum 2=steel 3=G10 4=other
1
Enter the length (inch) 8
Enter the width (inch) 6
Enter the thickness (inch) 0.063
Structural mass = 0.3024 lbm
Add non-structural mass ? 1=yes 2=no
2
Total mass = 0.3024 lbm
Total mass density =
0.1 lbm/in^3
Plate Stiffness Factor D = 233.8 (lbf in)

Continuous Plate (cont)

First Mode 258 Hz

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Continuous Plate (cont)

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Calculate Frequency Response Function 1=yes 2=no

1
Enter uniform modal damping ratio
0.05
Enter distance x
4
Enter distance y
3
Enter maximum base excitation frequency Hz
10000
max Rel Disp FRF = 2.368e-03 (in/G) at

256 Hz

max Accel FRF

= 16.09 (G/G)
at 259.7 Hz
max Power Trans = 258.8 (G^2/G^2) at 259.7 Hz

Continuous Plate (cont)

Perform modal transient analysis for base excitation?

1=yes 2=no
1
Apply half-sine base input? 1=yes 2=no
2
Apply arbitrary base input? 1=yes 2=no
1
Select file input method
1=external ASCII file
2=file preloaded into Matlab
3=Excel file
2
Enter the matrix name: accel_base

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Continuous Plate (cont)

maximum frequency limit for modal transient analysis: fmax=

Peak Response Values
Acceleration =
1774 G
Velocity = 147.2 in/sec
Relative Displacement = 0.06335 in
Output arrays:
rel_disp_H
accel_H
accel_H2
acc_arb
vel_arb
rd_arb

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10000 Hz

Continuous Plate (cont)

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Continuous Plate (cont)

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Continuous Plate (cont)

Peak Acceleration =
1774 G

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Continuous Plate (cont)

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Velocity =
in/sec

147.2

Continuous Plate (cont)

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Relative Displacement = 0.063 in. Relative displacement is same

as plate thickness, so there is a need to address large deflection
theory, nonlinearity, etc.

Isolated Avionics Component Example

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y
x
m, J

kz1
kz
2

kx
1

kx
2

ky1

ky2

kz3
kz4
kx3

ky3

kx4

ky4

Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

a
1

a2

x
z

C. G.

0
c
1

c2

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

NESC Academy

0
v

ky

ky

mb

ky

ky

Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

= 4.28 lbm

Jx

= 44.9 lbm in^2

Jy

= 39.9 lbm in^2

Jz

= 18.8 lbm in^2

Kx

= 80 lbf/in

Ky

= 80 lbf/in

Kz

= 80 lbf/in

a1

= 6.18 in

a2

= -2.68 in

= 3.85 in

c1

= 3. in

c2

= 3. in

Assume uniform 8% damping

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Run Matlab script: six_dof_iso.m

with these parameters

Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

Natural Frequencies =
1.
7.338 Hz
2.
12.02 Hz
3.
27.04 Hz
4.
27.47 Hz
5.
63.06 Hz
6.
83.19 Hz

Calculate base excitation frequency response

functions?
1=yes 2=no
1
Select modal damping input method
1=uniform damping for all modes
2=damping vector
1
Enter damping ratio
0.08
number of dofs =6

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

Apply arbitrary base input pulse?

1=yes 2=no
1
The base input should have a constant time step
Select file input method
1=external ASCII file
2=file preloaded into Matlab
3=Excel file
2
Enter the matrix name: accel_base

NESC Academy

Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

Apply arbitrary base input pulse?

1=yes 2=no
1
The base input should have a constant time step
Select file input method
1=external ASCII file
2=file preloaded into Matlab
3=Excel file
2
Enter the matrix name: accel_base

Enter input axis

1=X 2=Y 3=Z
2

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

Peak Accel = 4.8 G

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

Peak Response = 0.031 inch

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Isolated Avionics Component Example (cont)

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But . . .
All six natural frequencies < 100 Hz.
Starting SRS specification frequency was 100 Hz.
So the energy < 100 Hz in the previous damped sine synthesis is
ambiguous.
So may need to perform another synthesis with assumed first
coordinate point at a natural frequency < isolated component
fundamental frequency.
(Extrapolate slope)
OK to do this as long as clearly state assumptions.
Then repeat isolated component analysis . . . left as student
exercise!

Program Summary
Programs

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Papers

ss_plate_base.m
six_dof_iso.m

plate_base_excitation.pdf
avionics_iso.pdf

Additional programs are given at:

six_dof_isolated.pdf

http://www.vibrationdata.com/StructuralDC.htm
http://www.vibrationdata.com/beams.htm
http://
www.vibrationdata.com/rectangular_plates.htm
http://
www.vibrationdata.com/circular_annular.htm

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