COMMUNICATION
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Submitted by,
Merrin Syra Mathew
Annu Mathew
CONTENTS
PAGE NUMBER
Functions of Communication
Communication Process
Direction of Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Organizational Communication
Electronic Communication
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Emoticon: Showing Emotions in
Email
Choice of Communication Channel
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Information Richness of
Communication Channel
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Persuasive Communication
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Barriers to Effective Communication
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Global Implications
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FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication includes the transfer and understanding of meaning
Communication functions include:
Control member behavior
Foster motivation for what is to be done
Provide a release for emotional expression
Provide information needed to make decisions
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
The sender
Encoding
The message
The channel
Decoding
The receiver
Noise
Feedback
A purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, is needed to
begin the process.
It passes between a source (the sender) and a receiver.
The message is encoded (converted to a symbolic form).
It is passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver.
The receiver retranslates (decodes) the message initiated by the
sender.
The result is a transference of meaning from one person to an
other.
DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION
Downward Communication:
Message moves from higher to lower level
Upward communication :
Message moves from lower level to higher level.
An open and effective upward communication minimizes the warnings, demands
and complaints.
Lateral Communication
Messages conversed between people on the same hierarchical level.
For example, in terms of the workplace, if two supervisors have a discussion or
two board members raise an issue this is known as lateral communication.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
Advantages:
Speed and feedback.
We can convey a verbal message and receive a response in minimal time.
Disadvantage:
Distortion of the message.
Written Communication
Advantages:
Tangible and verifiable
Disadvantages:
Time consuming and lacks feedback
Cntd
Non verbal communication
Advantages:
Supports other communications and provides observable expression of
emotions and feelings.
Disadvantage:
Misperception of body language or gestures can influence receivers
interpretation of message.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
FORMAL SMALL GROUP NETWORK:
Chain - rigidly follows the formal chain of command.
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Relies on the leader to act as central for all the
group communication.
Allows vertical movement and is strictly
hierarchal.
All group members actively communicate
with each other.
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Cntd.
THE GRAPEVINE
Informal, not controlled by management.
Perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than
formal communications.
Largely used to serve the self-interests of those who use it.
Results from:
Desire for information about important situations
Ambiguous conditions
Conditions that cause anxiety
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ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS
E-mail
Advantages: quickly written, sent, and stored; low cost for distribution.
Disadvantages: information overload, lack of emotional content, cold and
impersonal.
Instant messaging
Advantage: real time e-mail transmitted straight to the receivers desktop.
Disadvantage: can be intrusive and distracting.
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EMOTICONS: SHOWING EMOTION IN
E-MAIL
Electronic mail neednt be emotion free. Over the years, a set of symbols
(emoticons) has evolved that e-mail users have developed for expressing
emotions. For instance, the use of all caps (i.e., This project needs your
immediate attention!) is the e-mail equivalent of shouting. The following
highlights some emoticons:
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Cntd..
Intranet
Extranet
A private organization-wide information network.
An information network connecting employees with external suppliers,
customers, and strategic partners.
Videoconferencing
An extension of an intranet or extranet that permits face-to-face virtual
meetings via video links.
Social net working sites like facebook,twitter,blogs etc..
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CHOICE OF COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL
CHANNEL RICHNESS:
The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication
episode
Characteristics of Rich Channels
Handle multiple cues simultaneously
Facilitate rapid feedback
Are very personal in context
Choice depends on whether the message is routine
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INFORMATION RICHNESS OF
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Routine _________________________________________________________________Nonroutine
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PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Automatic Processing:
Automatic processing occurs without us giving much thought to it. It takes little
time
and low effort
Controlled Processing:
A detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures
and logic.
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BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Filtering
A senders manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorably by
the receiver
Selective Perception
People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests,
background, experience, and attitudes
Information Overload
A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individuals processing capacity
Emotions
How a receiver feels at the time a message is received will influence how the
message is interpreted.
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Cntd
Language
Words have different meanings to different people.
Lying
Outright misrepresentation of information or lying.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEeIjAkcbws
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GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS
Cross-cultural factors increase communication difficulties
Cultural Barriers:
Semantics: some words arent translatable
Word Connotations: some words imply multiple meanings beyond their
definitions
Tone Differences: the acceptable level of formality of language
Perception Differences: language affects worldview
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Cultural Context
Culture tends to differ in the degree to which context influences the
meaning individuals take from communication
Low-context cultures (like the U.S.) rely on words for meaning
High-context cultures gain meaning from the whole situation
Body language issues
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Cultural Guide
Four rules to reduce misperceptions, misinterpretations, and
misevaluation are:
Assuming differences until similarity is proven
Emphasizing description rather than interpretation or evaluation
Practicing empathy in communication
Treating your interpretations as working hypotheses
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