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Control of Cardiac Cycle

This document defines heart rate as the number of heartbeats per minute, stroke volume as the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one beat, and cardiac output as the product of stroke volume and heart rate which gives the total amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It lists the main factors affecting blood pressure as cardiac output, resistance to blood flow in vessels, and other factors such as hormones, diet, smoking, and adrenaline that can change vessel diameter. It describes measuring heart rate and blood pressure safely using equipment like a sphygmomanometer and recording the results.

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azwelljohnson
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81 views16 pages

Control of Cardiac Cycle

This document defines heart rate as the number of heartbeats per minute, stroke volume as the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one beat, and cardiac output as the product of stroke volume and heart rate which gives the total amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It lists the main factors affecting blood pressure as cardiac output, resistance to blood flow in vessels, and other factors such as hormones, diet, smoking, and adrenaline that can change vessel diameter. It describes measuring heart rate and blood pressure safely using equipment like a sphygmomanometer and recording the results.

Uploaded by

azwelljohnson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Define heart rate, stroke volume &

cardiac output

List the main factors affecting blood


pressure

Measure & accurately record heart


rate & blood pressure, using
equipment safely

On your mini
whiteboards,
summarise what you
remember about this!

Challenge: can you


write these as
numeric equations?

Heart
rate = of
# heartbeats
beats
Heart rate:
number
per
minute
minute
Stroke volume: volume of blood
(cm3)
3
Stroke Volume = blood cm
pumped by heart in 1 beat
beat

Cardiac output: stroke


volume
3 X
Cardiac Output = blood cm
# beats = blood
multiplied by the heart rate gives the
beat 3
minute
minute
amount of blood (cm ) pumped by heart
in 1 minute

Can be changed by a number of


factors:
Cardiovascular centre in brain
Hormones e.g. adrenaline
Stretching of cardiac muscle

Parasympathetic & sympathetic nerves


to smooth muscle of arterioles

Get out your


calculators!
Heart rate
(beats/min)

Stroke
Volume
(cm3/beat)

At rest

75

75

During
exercise

180

120

Cardiac
Output
(cm3/min)

5,625
21,60
0

Measured in blood vessels (artery)

Determined by cardiac output and


resistance to flow of blood in vessels

Resistance to flow affected by diameter


of blood vessels

Narrower vessels (vasoconstriction)

Wider vessels (vasodilation)

Cardiovascular centre
Diameter of blood vessels controlled by
stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerves
Smoking
Nicotine causes vasoconstriction
Build up of fatty deposits in vessels
Diet
High fat diet leads to build up of fatty deposits in
blood vessels
Adrenaline
Causes selective vasoconstriction & vasodilation
Increase in blood viscosity
Excess water loss (sweating/excessive urination)

Get out your mini-whiteboards

With your partner, write the definitions


you researched for your homework

Share with the group!

Systolic blood pressure:


Maximum blood pressure
Occurs when ventricles are contracting (at the end

of the cardiac cycle)

Diastolic blood pressure:


Minimum blood pressure
Occurs when ventricles are relaxed and filled with

blood (at the beginning of the cardiac cycle)

We record blood pressure as: Systolic


BP/Diastolic BP
e.g. 120/80 mm Hg

Diastolic pressure gives clearest indication of


resistance to flow in blood vessels
Rough estimate of systolic BP is your age
+100

Sphygmomanometer

Carotid artery

Radial artery

Watch the demonstration of how to use


the sphygmomanometer
In your lab book, record:
Your blood pressure three times and

average the results


Your heart rate three times and average
the results

Enter your results on the class


spreadsheet

Define heart rate, stroke volume &


cardiac output

List the main factors affecting blood


pressure

Measure & accurately record heart


rate & blood pressure, using
equipment safely

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