Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
JAVA Programming (CST-254)
JAVA Fundamentals
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Java Basics
First was C.
C++ as an extension to C.
provides the capabilities of OOPS
a hybrid language
JAVA
was developed in 1991
by James Gosling
at Sun Microsystems
Oak was initial name.
became popular in 1995
considered as the native language
Java is a Full OOPS
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Features of JAVA
Simple
Object-Oriented
Distributed
Interpreted
Robust
Secure
Architecture-Neutral
Portable
Performance
Multithreaded
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
OOP Concepts
Procedural Approach
Focus on procedures
data is shared
More difficult to modify
Hard to manage complexity
Object Oriented Approach
Data and operations are grouped together
Classes reflect concepts
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Principles of OOP
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Principles of OOP
Abstraction
Ignore
irrelevant features,
properties, or
functions
Emphasize on relevant ones
represent complex reality
highlights the properties of an entity
is achieved by using
Abstract classes
Interfaces
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Principles of OOP
Declare all data members ( fields ) as private
Some may be private
interaction is only through the classs constructors and public
methods
Constructors and public methods serve as the interface
Ensures that structural changes remain local
Hides implementation details
reduces complexity
easier maintenance
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Principles of OOP
Inheritance
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Principles of OOP
Polymorphism
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
BENEFITS OF OOPS
Solve problems easily
redundant code decreases
Communication becomes easy
High security
Multiple objects co-exist
Easy Object mapping
easy project partitioniong
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
JAVA Virtual Machine
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Source Code
Java
Compile
Linux JVM Win JVM Mac JVM
Linux Machine Windows Machine
Mac Machine
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
JAVA Primitive Data Types
Data Characteristics Range
Type
byte 8 bit signed integer -128 to 127
short 16 bit signed integer -32768 to 32767
int 32 bit signed integer -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long 64 bit signed integer -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to-
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
float 32 bit floating point + 1.4E-45 to
number + 3.4028235E+38
double 64 bit floating point + 4.9E-324 to
number + 1.7976931348623157E+308
boolean true or false NA, note Java booleans cannot be
converted to or from other types
char 16 bit, Unicode Unicode character, \u0000 to \uFFFF
Can mix with integer types
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Variable Definitions
Variable definitions
name of place in memory
contain data
All variables have:
Data type
Name
Value
also called literal
Semicolon
e.g.
String s = MC697;
int count = 5;
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Variable Definitions
Initializing Variables
Assignment operator (=)
Used to assign value to a variable
char c = a; - note the single quotes
Boolean b = true;
double d = 1.25;
default to null.
All should be initialized.
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Expressions and Operators
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Operators
Basic Assignment: =
Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %(remainder)
integer, floating point, and mixed arithmetic and
expressions
Assignment Operators: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
increment and decrement operators: ++, --
prefix and postfix.
avoid use inside expressions.
int x = 3;
x++;
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Expressions
Evaluation is based on the precedence of operators
Automatic conversion of numerical primitive data types
results are surprising
take care while mixing
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Operator Precedence
Order Operators Name
1 . [] (parameters) array indexes, parms
2 ++ -- ! ~ instanceof unary operators
3 new (type)expr creation and cast
4 * / % multiply and divide
5 + - addition and subtraction
6 << >> >>> bitwise shifts
7 < > <= >= relational operators
8 != == equality operators
9 & bitwise and
10 ^ bitwise xor
11 | bitwise or
12 && logical and
13 || logical or
14 ?: conditional
(ternary) operator
15 = += -= *= /= assignment
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
THANKS..
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
