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Pneumatic Structure

The document discusses pneumatic structures, which are membrane structures stabilized by compressed air pressure. They are usually round in shape to create the greatest volume with the least material. Uniform air pressure throughout is important for structural integrity. Two main types are air supported structures, which are anchored and have air pressure higher than atmospheric, and air inflated structures, which have supporting frames filled with high pressure air but interior at atmospheric pressure. Materials used include fabrics like fiberglass, polyester and nylon. Examples provided are an inflatable Japanese teahouse and the Air Forest installation in Japan.

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2K views

Pneumatic Structure

The document discusses pneumatic structures, which are membrane structures stabilized by compressed air pressure. They are usually round in shape to create the greatest volume with the least material. Uniform air pressure throughout is important for structural integrity. Two main types are air supported structures, which are anchored and have air pressure higher than atmospheric, and air inflated structures, which have supporting frames filled with high pressure air but interior at atmospheric pressure. Materials used include fabrics like fiberglass, polyester and nylon. Examples provided are an inflatable Japanese teahouse and the Air Forest installation in Japan.

Uploaded by

Milky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pneumatic Structure

Group 3
Ampatuan, Sarip Shannen
Kusain, Hadjwah
Delos Reyes, Alliana
Mutia, Michael Dean
Ortego, Kissel
Pneumatic Structure
- is Membrane Structures that are
stabilized by pressure of compressed air.
- Pressure difference between the
enclosed space and the exterior are
responsible for giving the building its shape
and its stability.
Introduction
- The pressure should be uniformly
distributed for structural integrity.
Pneumatic Structure
- Round in shape because it creates greatest
volume for least amount of material.

- The whole envelope has to be evenly


pressurized for best stability.

- Pre stressing of membrane can be done either


by applying external force or by internal
pressurizing.
PRINCIPLES:

- Use of relatively thin membrane


supported by pressure difference.

- Dead weight increases by increasing


the internal pressure and the
membrane is stressed so that no
asymmetrical loading occurs.

- Membrane can support both


tension and compression and thus
withstand bending moment.
Types:

1. Air Supported Structures


2.Air Inflated Structures
- They have air higher than the
1. Air atmospheric pressure supporting the
Supported envelope.
- Air locks or revolving doors help to
Structures maintain the internal pressure.
- Air must be constantly provided.
Life span of 20 25 years.
- They are either anchored to the ground or to
a wall so that leakage is prevented.
- They have relative low cost and they can be
installed easily.
2. Air
Inflated
- Supporting frames consist of air under high
Structures pressure.
- Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
- There is no restrictions in no. and size of
openings.
- They have potential to support an attached
structure.
History:
- The concept of pneumatic structures were
developed during the development of hot air
balloons.

- A brazilian priest Gusmao conducted the first


experiment in 1709.

- During second world war, after the invention of


nylon, these structures were widely used in military
operations, as shelters.

- These were later used for protecting radar from


extreme weather conditions.
General Characteristics:

Light Weight
- Weight compared to area is less.
- Low air pressure is required to balance it.
Span
- There is no theoretical maximum span.
- To span a distance of 36 km for a normal
building is hard while such spans are quite
possible for pneumatics.
Economy
-Not expensive in case of temporary
structures.
General Characteristics:
Safety
- More safer but proper care should be taken.
- They are fire resistance structures.
Quick erection and dismantling
- Suitable for temporary constructions.
-1 km area can be brought down in 6 hours and
can be establish in less than 10 hours.
Good Natural Light
- If envelope is made up of transparent material
good natural light enters into the structure.
- Around 50% 80% of sunlight can be obtained.
Theft
- They are very safe structures.
- If the air bag is cut with a knife or a pin a big
bang is produced.
System Components
Envelope
- They can be made up of different materials.
- Cannot be used as one continuous material.
- Material are seamed together by sealing,
heat bonding or mechanical jointing.
- The design of the envelope depends on an
evenly pressurized environment.
System Components
Cable System
- They act as the supporting system.
- They experience tension force due to the
upward force of the air.
- Can be placed in one or two directions to
create a network and for better stability.
- They do not fail since they are pulled tight
enough to absorb the external loads.
System Components

Pumping Equipment
- It is used to supply and maintain internal
pressure inside the structure.
- Fans, blowers or compressors are used for
constant supply of air.
-The amount of air required
depends on the weight of the
material and the wind pressure.
Entrance Doors
- Doors can be ordinary doors or airlocks.
- Airlock minimize the chances of having an
unevenly pressurized environment.
Materials:

1. Envelope Materials
2. Anchor Materials

Envelope Materials
They should be light weight. Should have
high tensile strength, tear resistance etc.

1. Fiberglass
They have high tensile strength,
elastic behavior and durability. 2.
Polyester
PVC-coated polyester is common
for flexible, smaller air-
supported structures.
3. ETFE
- It is very energy efficient because of
transparency, insulation and UV resistance.
4. Nylon
- Vinyl-coated nylon has more strength,
durability and stretch than polyester.
- They have a higher cost.
Anchor Materials
The anchor material depends on the
application and size of the pneumatic
structure.

1. Steel Cables
Steel wires are twisted into
strands which are then twisted
around a core to form the cable.

2. Ballasts
Materials for ballasts of
smaller structures include sand bags,
concrete blocks or bricks.
Advantages
- Light weight
- Covers large spans
without internal supports
- Rapid assembly and
have low initial and operating
cost
- Portability
Disadvantages
- Need for continuous maintenance
of excess pressure in the envelope
- Relatively short service life
- Continuous operation of fans to
maintain pressure
- Cannot reach the insulation
values of hard-walled structures
The Modern Teahouse
in Frankfurt, Germany
Designed by Kengo Kuma

Japanese Tea Houses are among the most beautiful


and serene structures on the planet, and are usually
minimalist in design and modest in size. This
inflatable Japanese teahouse, was created for an
exhibit at the Museum fr Angewandte
Kunst Frankfurt. At a first glance you dont even
know that is a house I thought that is a inflatable
balloon, and maybe discotheque, but not a japanese
tea house. Normally this type of structure does not
make it past the drawing board, but the Japanese
have more guts then we do when it comes to
architecture. I dont know why they wanted to build
this house because is just a waste or material, time
The teahouse does not rise up from the ground as a fixed
wooden construction, but unfolds as an airborne form.
When a ventilation system is activated, the teahouse
swells into shape like a white high-tech textile blossom. In
its interior, comprising a surface of approximately twenty
square meters, are nine tatami mats, an electric stove for
the water kettle, a Tokonoma niche and a preparation
room. Integrated LED technology allows the use of the
teahouse at night; the interior can be heated by way of
the membrane.
Air Forest
Mass Studies (Japan)
Designed by Minsuk Cho + Kisu Park

Air Forest is a 56.3 by 25 meter pneumatic structure,


composed of 9 hexagonal canopy units, at 4 meter
height. These units are interconnected as one large
piece of fabric, which are then inflated from the 14
blowers that are located at the base inside its 35
columns. These columns are 5m apart, and are weighed
down by dirt and lighting elements, which are also inside
the columns, which light up at night and provide a public
space after dark as well.
Tokyo Dome
The Big Egg
Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
Designed by Nikken Sekkei and
Takenaka Corporation.

Construction on the stadium began on May 16,


1985, and it opened on March 17, 1988.
structure: air-supported membrane structure.
function/usage: stadium/arena
materials:
Building structure: rienforced concrete structure.
Membrane: ptfe-coated glass-fiber fabric.
Inside frame: steel.
Yorkshire Pavilion

- The project is an attraction in itself with a


striking exterior in the form of inflatable tubes
arranged in the atomic structure of diamonds
- Light and airshafts pierce the structure
providing natural light and ventilation
At night, the translucent shafts and outer skin
radiate light in all colors and directions like a
diamond twinkling in the sunlight
The voluminous internal space will surprise and
delight when installed in close quartered public
squares
The pavilion can also be turned inside out to
open up a large covered area to open outdoor
spaces to create the ultimate mobile venue for
concerts or big-screen events
Source:
http://www.archdaily.com/22847/air-forest-mass-studies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Dome
http://www.archdaily.com/22847/air-forest-mass-studies
http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FKrishnagnr%2Fpneumatic-
structures-55250260&h=ATPmmMB-
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IrKd7_4yymP4IKeaJwO4SR4LlBRbHo_c7ilGdb_2MWnR0qLi65Qal
SbZjU3w_&s=1
file:///C:/Users/Hadjwah%20M.%20Kusain/Downloads/orca_sh
are_media1485081876984.pdf

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