Chapter 11

Threaded Fasteners
 TOPICS

Introduction

Thread terminology

Thread drawing and dimensioning

Threaded fastener
Introduction
 FASTENING TYPE
1. Permanent
Welding Gluing Riveting
 FASTENING TYPE
2. Temporary
2.1 Threaded fastener
- bolts
- studs
- screws

2.2 Non-threaded fastener

- keys key

- pin
 THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.

Part A Part B

Part C
 THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.

Wood working vise Palm fruit pressing machine

Thread Terminology
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
External (male) A thread cut on the outside of
thread a cylindrical body.

Internal (female) A thread cut on the inside of

thread a cylindrical body.

External thread
Internal thread
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Right-hand Thread that will assemble when
thread turned clockwise.

Left-hand Thread that will assemble when

thread turned counter-clockwise.

Turnbuckle use RH and LH thread at

each end to double displacement.
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Crest The peak edge of a thread.

Root The bottom of the thread cut into

a cylindrical body.
Thread angle The angle between threads faces.

External Thread Internal Thread

Thread angle

Root Crest

Root Crest
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
The largest diameter on
Major diameter an internal or external thread.
The smallest diameter on
Minor diameter an internal or external thread.

External Thread Internal Thread

Minor dia.

Major dia.

Major dia.
Minor dia.
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
The distance between crests of
Pitch
threads.

The distance a screw will advance

Lead
when turned 360o.

External Thread Internal Thread

Pitch
Pitch
 THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Form is the profile shape of the
Thread Form
thread.

Example :
knuckle thread form
 EXTERNAL THREAD CUTTING
Tools Operation
Threading Die

Die stock
 INTERNAL THREAD CUTTING
Tools Operation
Twist drill

Tap

Tap wrench
COMPARISON OF THREAD CUTTING
External Thread Internal Thread

Minor Dia.

Major Dia.
Thread Drawing
THREAD REPRESENTATION

1. Detailed representation

2. Schematic representation

3. Simplified representation
DETAILED REPRESENTATION
Use slanting lines to represent crest and root.

Roots and crest are drawn in sharp Vs.

External thread Internal thread

Thread runout

Pitch 60o
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
Use alternate long and short lines for representing
crests and roots of the thread, respectively.

External thread Internal thread

Root (thick line)

Pitch Crest (thin line)
SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION
Use thick continuous lines for representing crest
and thin continuous lines for representing root of
the thread, respectively.

External thread Internal thread

Thread runout

Pitch/2

Root
Crest
SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION
Use thick continuous lines for representing crest
and thin continuous lines for representing root of
the thread, respectively.

External thread Internal thread

Sectional view
 ISO (METRIC) THREAD
P/8
Internal
60o
thread

P/4

External
thread
Pitch, P

Center of thread assembly

Thread assemble occurs if and only if both (internal & external)

thread have an equal nominal size (or diameter) and pitch.
 METRIC COARSE THREAD
[Table 9.1]
Nominal Major Pitch Minor Tap drill size
size diameter diameter
M6 6.00 1.00 4.92 5.00
M8 8.00 1.25 6.65 6.75
M10 10.00 1.50 8.38 8.50
M12 12.00 1.75 10.11 10.00

Metric thread
Minor diameter Tap drill size
In thread drawing, the following relationship is used.
Minor diameter = Major diameter Pitch
 METRIC FINE THREAD
[Table 9.2]
Nominal Major Pitch Minor Tap drill size
size diameter diameter
0.75 7.188 7.25
M8 8.00
1.00 6.917 7.00
0.75 9.188 9.25
M10 10.00 1.00 8.917 9.00
1.25 8.647 8.75

Minor diameter Tap drill size

In thread drawing, the following relationship is used.

Minor diameter = Major diameter Pitch

 DRAWING STEPS OF
EXTERNAL THREAD
Draw an arc that
represents a root.
Draw a circle that Draw Draw line making
represents a crest. 45o Chamfer 30o with thread axis

dia.
Major dia.
Draw
thread Minor
axis

Thread Length
Starting
position
 DRAWING STEPS
Internal ThreadOF
THREADED HOLE
1. Through threaded hole
Sectional view
Draw a crest
Draw a root root

crest
Draw dia.
Major dia.
thread
Minor

axis

Draw a circle that

represents a crest.
Section lines are drawn
Draw an arc that
into the crest of a thread.
represents a root.
 DRAWING STEPS OF
THREADED HOLE
2. Blinded threaded hole

Draw dia.
Major dia.
thread
Minor

axis

Draw a circle that

represents a crest. Thread depth
Draw an arc that Hole depth
represents a root.
 DRAWING STEPS OF
THREADED HOLE
2. Blinded threaded hole
Sectional view
DIMENSIONING EXTERNAL THREAD
Use local note to specify :- thread form, nominal size,
pitch (if it is a fine thread)

Use typical method to specify :- thread length.

M 10 1.5 Coarse thread

1.0 Fine thread

Thread
xx length
 DIMENSIONING THREADED HOLE

Use local note to

specify
8.50 Drill, 20 Deep,
1. Tap drill size
M10 Tapped, 15 Deep
2. Drill depth
3. Thread form
4. Nominal size
5. Pitch
6. Thread depth
Threaded Fastener
 BOLT : Terminology
Bolt is a threaded cylinder with a head.

Thread length

Length
Hexagonal head
Width Head
bolt and nut across flat thickness

Dimensions of bolts head are

listed in table 9.4.
 BOLT : Drawing steps

Draw an Draw a Draw

end view bolt head body of a bolt
of the head 30o

Draw

Major f
bolt B/2 B/2
axis

H Length
B
Thread Length

Starting
position
 NUT : Drawing steps

Dimensions of the nut are given in Table 9.14.

Draw an end view

of the nut B/2 B/2

H
B

Dash lines represent

a threaded hole are
omitted for clarity.
 BOLT : Application

2. Insert a washer.

3. Screw a nut.
1. Insert a bolt into
a clearance hole
 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?

(A) Nothing have to be changed.

(B) Use shorter bolt with the

same thread length.

(C) Reduce the thread length.

(D) Add washer or nut.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?

(A) Nothing have to be changed.

(B) Use a bolt of this length but

has a longer thread length.

(C) Use a longer bolt with the

same thread length.

(D) Add washer.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?

(A) Nothing have to be changed.

(B) Use a bolt of this length but

has a shorter thread length.

(C) Use a longer bolt with the

same thread length.

(D) Add washer.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?
(A) Use a bolt of this length but
has a shorter thread length.

(B) Use a longer bolt with the

same thread length.

(C) Use a longer bolt by

increasing a thread length

(D) Remove washer.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?
(A) Increase the bolt diameter.

(B) Use washer with larger

outside diameter.

(C) Reduce the hole diameter.

(D) Add washer at bolt head.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?

(A) Nothing have to be changed.

(B) Use a bolt with shorter

thread length.

(C) Add washer.

(D) Increase drill and thread

depths.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 Let s think together
What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?

(A) Nothing have to be changed.

(B) Use a bolt with slightly

longer thread length.

Correct Inappropriate Wrong

 STUD : Terminology

Stud is a headless bolt, threaded at both ends.

Thread length Thread length

Drawing
representation

Length
 STUD : Drawing steps

Draw Draw line making Draw

45o Chamfer 30o with axis 45o Chamfer
Minor f

Draw
Major

stud
axis

Thread Length Thread Length

Stud Length
Starting
position
STUD : Application

1. Drill a hole.
2. Tap a hole.
3. Screw a stud.
4. Place the part to be
fastened.
5. Insert washer and
fastened a nut.
 Let s think together
What is the mistake in the following use of stud ?
 Let s think together
What is the mistake in the following use of stud ?
 CAP SCREW : Terminology
Cap screw is similar to bolt, but has a longer thread
than a bolt.
CAP SCREW : Counterbore hole

x drill, x drill,w deep,

f y Cbore, f y Cbore,
z deep z deep

z
CAP SCREW : Countersink hole

x drill, x drill, w deep,

CSK to fy Draw 90o CSK to fy
y
SET SCREW : Terminology
Set screw is a threaded cylinder used to prevent
rotation or movement between parts.
SET SCREW : Application