VoIP PRESENTATION
BY
HSEYN SAVRAN
220702044
OUTLINE
PSTN an brief history of telephone
PSTN ( Public Switched Telephone Network)
Known structure of conventional
telephone network.
stanbul, yeditepe Ankara, METU
PSTN
Call Direction
PSTN history
Since the telephone was invented
in the late 1800s, telephone
communication has not changed
substantially .
A Change of Perspective
Traditional View
Cable
Data
Broadcast
Telephony
Wireless
A Change of Perspective
Current View
Cable
Data
Broadcast
Telephony
Wireless
A Change of Perspective
Reality
Web
Voice
Video
Data
Email File
Transfer
These Count as Phones?
MOTIVATION
What is VoIP
IP TELPHONY (VOICE over IP)
Transmission of voice telephone calls
using internet infrastructure.
Why need to IP Telephony?
Economic (uses internet, IP routers...)
Further savings. Because underlying
network infrastructure can be shared.
a single set of equipment, wiring, network
connection enough.
Example: a company with reduced
telephone costs.
Why need to IP Telephony?
Cont.
Not only voice but also video
is transmitted using similar
concepts.
Spreads at a fast pace.
For instance there isnt any
internet cafe which doesnt have
tiny video cameras over their
monitors.
Why need to IP Telephony?
Cont.
Independent. Much larger
selection of service providers to
provide voice and video
communication services .
No geographical restriction!
Located virtually anywhere in
the world!
Keep in mind!
IP Telephony must be backward
compatible with existing PSTN.
There are several communication
schemes:
VoIP to VoIP
Broadband Network
VoIP VoIP
Call Direction
IP Protocol
VoIP to POTS with Internet
stanbul, yeditepe
Internet/Broadband
New Delhi
PSTN
VoIP
Server/Gateway
India
Call Direction
IP Protocol
VoIP to POTS without Internet
Server/Gateway
stanbul, kayda Miami, FL
PSTN
VoIP CO LATA Miami
Call Direction
IP Protocol
Basic Idea Behind VoIP
Continuously sample audio.
Convert each sample to digital form.
Send the resulting digitized stream
accross an IP network in packets.
Convert the stream back to analog for
playback.
Before the procedure above, the system
must handle call setup. Phnumber to IP.
Encoding, Transmission, and Playback
Two groups have introduced standards
for IP telephony
International Telecommunications Union(ITU),
controls telephone standards.
Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF),
controls TCP/IP standards.
Encoding Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
TransmissionReal-Time Transport
Protocol (RTP)
Note: RTP is not a tranport-layer protocol. It is a
tranfer protocol that operates at Layer 5.
Each RTP message is encapsulated in
UDP datagram, which is then
encapsulated in an IP datagram for
transmission.
Why UDP instead of TCP?
Higher overhead of TCP does not
make sense for telephone call.
Because audio must stream! No wait
for missing packets. Play missing
part as silence.
Why UDP instead of TCP?
UDP Offerrs best-effort delivery. to
handle duplication, delay, out-of-order
delivery, each RTP message contains:
A sequence number
A real-time clock value
What does real-time
clock value do?
Allows a receiver to construct the
axact temporal sequence of the data.
f a packet is missing , the receiver
knows exactly how long to wait before
starting to play the next packet
Signaling Systems and Protocols
Signaling: The process of establishing and
terminating a call. Includes:
Mapping a phone number to location
Finding a route to the called party
Handling other details such as call forwarding
Signaling System 7 (SS7) for traditional
telephone system.
Signaling Protocols
IETFSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)
ITUH.323
Aboves must be able to interact with SS7
Internet/Broadband
New Delhi
stanbul, yeditepe PSTN
VoIP
Server/Gateway
Call Direction India
IP Protocol
A Basic IP Telephone System
Two basic components interconnected by an IP
internet.
*IP telephone
*Media Gateway Controller
Media Gateway Controller
IP telephone IP telephone
INTERNET
Media Gateway Controller Media gateway handles
voice
IP telephone
Analog
INTERNET
PSTN telephone
Signaling gateway
handles setup
