MGT 300
IT IN BUSINESS
Storing Organizational
Information
PN. INTAN LIANA SUHAIME
LEARNING OUTCOMES 2
7.1 Define the fundamental concepts of the
relational database model
7.2 Evaluate the advantages of the relational
database model
7.3 Compare relational integrity constraints and
business-critical integrity constraints
7.4 Describe the benefits of a data driven Web site
7.5 Describe the two primary methods for integrating
information across multiple databases
3
What
is
INFORMATION
RELATIONAL DATABASE
FUNDAMENTALS
Information is everywhere in an organization
Information is stored in databases
Database maintains information about various types of
objects (inventory), events (transactions), people
(employees), and places (warehouses)
RELATIONAL DATABASE
FUNDAMENTALS
Database models include:
Hierarchical database model information is organized into a
tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way
that it cannot have too many relationships
Network database model a flexible way of representing objects
and their relationships
Relational database model stores information in the form of
logically related two-dimensional tables
ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTES
Entity a person, place, thing, transaction, or event
about which information is stored
The rows in each table contain the entities
In Figure 7.1 CUSTOMER includes Daves Sub Shop and Pizza
Palace entities
Attributes (fields, columns) characteristics or
properties of an entity class
The columns in each table contain the attributes
In Figure 7.1 attributes for CUSTOMER include Customer ID,
Customer Name, Contact Name
KEYS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Primary keys and foreign keys identify the
various entity classes (tables) in the
database
Primary key a field (or group of fields) that
uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
Foreign key a primary key of one table that
appears an attribute in another table and acts
to provide a logical relationship among the two
tables
KEYS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Potential relational database for Coca-Cola
RELATIONAL DATABASE
ADVANTAGES
Database advantages from a business perspective
include
Increased flexibility
Increased scalability and performance
Reduced information redundancy
Increased information integrity (quality)
Increased information security
INCREASED FLEXIBILITY
A well-designed database should:
Handle changes quickly and easily
Provide users with different views
Have only one physical view
Physical view deals with the physical storage of information
on a storage device
Have multiple logical views
Logical view focuses on how users logically access
information
INCREASED SCALABILITY AND
PERFORMANCE
A database must scale to meet increased
demand, while maintaining acceptable
performance levels
Scalability refers to how well a system can
adapt to increased demands
Performance measures how quickly a system
performs a certain process or transaction
REDUCED INFORMATION
REDUNDANCY
Databases reduce information redundancy
Redundancy the duplication of information or
storing the same information in multiple places
Inconsistency is one of the primary problems
with redundant information
INCREASE INFORMATION
INTEGRITY (QUALITY)
Information integrity measures the quality of
information
Integrity constraint rules that help ensure the
quality of information
Relational integrity constraint
Business-critical integrity constraint
INCREASED INFORMATION SECURITY
Information is an organizational asset and must be
protected
Databases offer several security features including:
Password provides authentication of the user
Access level determines who has access to the
different types of information
Access control determines types of user access, such as
read-only access
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Database management systems (DBMS)
software through which users and application
programs interact with a database
DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITES
Data-driven Web sites an interactive Web site
kept constantly updated and relevant to the
needs of its customers through the use of a
database
DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITE BUSINESS
ADVANTAGES
Development
Content Management
Future Expandability
Minimizing Human Error
Cutting Production and Update Costs
More Efficient
Improved Stability
DATA-DRIVEN BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE
BI in a data-driven Web site
INTEGRATING INFORMATION
AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES
Integration allows separate systems to
communicate directly with each other
Forward integration takes information entered
into a given system and sends it automatically to
all downstream systems and processes
Backward integration takes information entered
into a given system and sends it automatically to
all upstream systems and processes
INTEGRATING INFORMATION
AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES
Forward integration
INTEGRATING INFORMATION
AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES
Backward integration
INTEGRATING INFORMATION
AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES
Building a central repository specifically for
integrated information
OPENING CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO WRITE AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
1. Identify the different types of entity
classes that might be stored in
Wikipedias database
2. Explain why database technology is so
important to Wikipedias business model
3. Explain the difference between logical
and physical views and why logical views
are important to Wikipedias customers
CHAPTER SEVEN CASE KEEPER OF THE KEYS
Almost 90 million people had their personal
information stolen or lost by organizations
Bank of America: 1.2 million customers
CardSystems: 40 million customers
Citigroup: 3.9 million customers
DSW Shoe Warehouse: 1.4 million customers.
TJX Companies: 45.6 million customers
Wachovia: 676,000 customers
CHAPTER SEVEN CASE QUESTIONS
1. How many organizations have your personal
information, including your Social Security
number, bank account numbers, and credit
card numbers?
2. What information is stored at your college? Is
there any chance your information could be
hacked and stolen from your college?
3. What can you do to protect yourself from
identity theft?
CHAPTER SEVEN CASE QUESTIONS
4. Do you agree or disagree with changing laws to hold
the company where the data theft occurred
accountable? Why or why not?
5. What impact would holding the company liable where
the data theft occurred have on large organizations?
6. What impact would holding the company liable where
the data theft occurred have on small business?
