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Settlingbasin

This document defines and provides information about settling basins, including: 1. Flushing discharge rates for various hydropower projects ranging from 19-29% of intake discharge. 2. Recommended velocities in basins of 0.4-0.6 m/s, with older basins having slower velocities of 0.2-0.3 m/s. 3. Formulas and relationships for determining basin dimensions, sediment removal efficiency, and fall velocities based on factors like discharge, sediment size, flow depth, and velocity.

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Jatinder Kumar
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50 views13 pages

Settlingbasin

This document defines and provides information about settling basins, including: 1. Flushing discharge rates for various hydropower projects ranging from 19-29% of intake discharge. 2. Recommended velocities in basins of 0.4-0.6 m/s, with older basins having slower velocities of 0.2-0.3 m/s. 3. Formulas and relationships for determining basin dimensions, sediment removal efficiency, and fall velocities based on factors like discharge, sediment size, flow depth, and velocity.

Uploaded by

Jatinder Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SETTLING BASIN

Definition sketch of settling basin


1. Flushing Discharge

about 20 to 30 % of intake discharge

Flushing Q Intake Q
Yamuna Hydel 24% 310 m3/s
Maneri Bhali-I 29% 99 m3/s
Maneri Bhali-II 26% 192 m3/s
Binwa (HP) 19% 4 m3/s
Bhabha (HP) 19% 21.2 m3/s
2. Velocity in the Basin

Mosonyi: desirable velocity 0.4 to 0.6 m/s more velocity results in


more length of basin.

Nigam: 0.35 m/s

Old basin = 0.2 to 0.3 m/s a very low velocity and large x-section lead
to hydraulic short circuit.

Camp
U (m/s) a d (mm)
d = maximum size of sediment to be removed
a = 0.36 for d > 1mm
a = 0.44 for 1mm > d > 0.1mm
a = 0.51 for 0.1 mm > d
Varshney (1985) for Himalayan rivers
a = 0.55 for d > 1mm
a = 0.66 for 1mm > d > 0.1mm
a = 0.77 for 0.1 mm > d
3. Size of Sediment to be removed

generally 0.15 mm size

4. Basin Dimensions

Q = BDU (1)

(D = Depth of flow in basin; B = Width of basin)


w = fall velocity in stagnant water.

Settling time t = D / w

Length of basin, L = Ut = UD / w (2)

For known Q, w, U and assumed value of D, calculate L and B from Eqs.


(1) and (2). 20% increase in length is recommended to account for effect
of turbulence on fall velocity (Ranga Raju & Garde 2000)
Fall velocity in flowing water is different than the stagnant water, Mosonyi
proposed fall velocity in flowing water = w w

Levin
w U
0.132

D( m )
DU D1.5 U
thus L 0 .5
w - w D w 0.132 U

gives often long length of basins


.

Fall velocity of spherical particles (relative density = 2.65 ) in water


Sediment Removal Efficiency .

Camp (1944) and Dobbin (1944)

For known value of L, D, U, w,


and Mannings roughness
coefficient, one can calculate
efficiency = (1-qse/qsi)

qse = outgoing sediment load

qsi = incoming sediment load

Camp and Dobbins relation for efficiency of settling basin


Sumer (1977)

Proposed the following relationship for


efficiency

u * L
ln( 1 )
15UD

may be read from the graph. (u*=


shear velocity in the basin)

Sumers relation between and



USBR

wL

1 e UD
Garde et al. (1990)

Proposed the following


relationship for efficiency


0 1 e kL / D
k and 0 may be read from the
graph. (u*= shear velocity in the
basin)

Ranga Raju et al. (1999) Variation of k and o with w/u*

Found that the following equation yields better results than above equation when
w/u*<2.5:
0.98
D
0.23
LB
0.81
w
1/ 6
11.7
U n g
Bc D c
Dc and Bc are depth of flow and bed width of the approach channel, respectively
DATA OF SOME EXISTING BASINS (after Ranga Raju & Garde 2000)
Basin with hoppers usd on river Yamuna
(a) Longitudinal section (b) Plan, (c) X-section
.

Recommended geometry for vanes at a basin entry for 2:1 expansion


(After Atkinson 1992)

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