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Binomial Distribution

The document discusses the binomial distribution, which models outcomes that have two possible outcomes, a fixed number of trials, independent outcomes, and a constant probability of success. It provides the formula for calculating the probability of a given number of successes in binomial distribution as well as how to enter calculations into a calculator. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate probabilities of events modeled by the binomial distribution.

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Dr Vishwas Parlikar
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372 views14 pages

Binomial Distribution

The document discusses the binomial distribution, which models outcomes that have two possible outcomes, a fixed number of trials, independent outcomes, and a constant probability of success. It provides the formula for calculating the probability of a given number of successes in binomial distribution as well as how to enter calculations into a calculator. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate probabilities of events modeled by the binomial distribution.

Uploaded by

Dr Vishwas Parlikar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability and Statistics

BINOMIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
Binomial Distribution
 Binomial distribution is a suitable model for
event which has:
(i) Exactly 2 possible outcomes that are
mutually exclusive
(ii) Fixed number of trials
(iii) Independent outcomes
(iv) Constant probability of success
(v) P(success) + P(failure) = 1
Formula

 If X follows Binomial distribution with n number


of trials and p, the probability of success then:

x n x
P(X  x)  nCx.p .q
Where x = 0, 1, 2, ….., n
Calculator key-in

 Fora Binomial distribution with


n = number of trials and
p = probability of success:
On > 2nd and VARS > BINOMPDF
P(X = x) = binompdf(n, p, x)
Probability for one value only

Where x = 0, 1, 2, ….., n
Calculator key-in

On > 2nd and VARS > BINOMCDF


P(X  x) = binomcdf(n, p, x)
Probability for cumulative values up to x,
i.e., for values 0, 1, ...., x

Where x = 0, 1, 2, ….., n
Example 1

 Joseph and four friends each have an


independent probability 0.45 of winning a
prize. Find the probability that:
(i) Exactly two of the five friends win a
prize.
(ii) Joseph and only one friend win a prize.
Solution..
Here n = 5 (number of friends)
and p = 0.45 (probability of winning)
(i) P (Exactly two win)
= 5C2  0.452  0.553 = 0.337
binompdf(5, .45, 2) = .337
(ii) P (Joseph and one friend win)
= 0.45  4C1  0.45  0.553 = 0.135
0.45 binompdf(4, .45, 1) = .135
Example 2
 Eggs produced at a farm are packaged in boxes
of six. For any egg, the probability that it is
broken when it reaches the retail outlet is 0.1,
independent of other eggs. A box is said to be
bad if it contains at least two broken eggs.
(i) Calculate the probability that a randomly
selected box is bad.
(ii) Ten boxes are chosen at a time, find the
probability that just two of these boxes are bad.
Solution
(i) Here n = 6 and p = 0.1 (probability that an egg is
broken).

P (box is bad)
= 1 – P( box is good)
= 1 – P (Less than 2 eggs are broken)
= 1 - {P(0) + P(1)}
= 1 – {6C0  0.10  0.96 + 6C1  0.1  0.95}
= 1 – {0.53144 + 0.35429}
= 0.114
1 – binomcdf(6, .1, 1) = .114
Solution.
(i) Here n = 10 (number of boxes)
and p = 0.114 (probability that a box
is bad).

P (two boxes are bad)


= 10C2  0.1142  0.8868
= 0.222
Variance
 If X follows Binomial distribution with ‘n’
number of trials and ‘p’, probability of
success then:

Mean =  = np
Variance = 2 = npq
Example 3
Exercise

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