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Flow Routing: Reading: 8.1, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2

- Flow routing is used to determine the flow hydrograph downstream from a known upstream hydrograph by accounting for changes as the flood wave passes through channels and storages. - The Muskingum method is a common hydrologic routing technique where storage in a river reach is modeled as a linear combination of inflow and outflow. Given parameters like travel time, weight factor, and time step, the downstream hydrograph can be calculated from the upstream hydrograph. - An example is provided to demonstrate calculating the outflow hydrograph using the Muskingum method, given the inflow hydrograph, travel time, weight factor, and time step.

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52 views12 pages

Flow Routing: Reading: 8.1, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2

- Flow routing is used to determine the flow hydrograph downstream from a known upstream hydrograph by accounting for changes as the flood wave passes through channels and storages. - The Muskingum method is a common hydrologic routing technique where storage in a river reach is modeled as a linear combination of inflow and outflow. Given parameters like travel time, weight factor, and time step, the downstream hydrograph can be calculated from the upstream hydrograph. - An example is provided to demonstrate calculating the outflow hydrograph using the Muskingum method, given the inflow hydrograph, travel time, weight factor, and time step.

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markos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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03/02/2006

Flow Routing

Reading: 8.1, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2


Flow Routing Q

t
• Procedure to
determine the flow Q
hydrograph at a
point on a
watershed from a t
known hydrograph
Q
upstream
• As the hydrograph
travels, it t
– attenuates
Q
– gets delayed

t
Why route flows?

• Account for changes in flow hydrograph as a flood wave


passes downstream
• This helps in
– Accounting for storages
– Studying the attenuation of flood peaks
Types of flow routing
• Lumped/hydrologic
– Flow is calculated as a function of time alone at
a particular location
– Governed by continuity equation and
flow/storage relationship
• Distributed/hydraulic
– Flow is calculated as a function of space and
time throughout the system
– Governed by continuity and momentum
equations
Hydrologic Routing
Discharge I (t ) Discharge
Inflow
Transfer Q (t )
Function
Outflow

I (t )  Inflow Q (t )  Outflow
Upstream Downstream
hydrograph hydrograph
Input, output, and storage are related by
continuity equation:
dS
 I (t )  Q (t ) Q and S are
dt unknown
Storage can be expressed as a function of I(t) or
Q(t) or both
dI dQ
S  f (I , ,  , Q, , )
dt dt
For a linear reservoir, S=kQ
Lumped flow routing
• Three types
1. Level pool method (Modified Puls)
– Storage is nonlinear function of Q
2. Muskingum method
– Storage is linear function of I and Q
3. Series of reservoir models
– Storage is linear function of Q and its time
derivatives
S and Q relationships
Level pool routing
• Procedure for calculating outflow hydrograph
Q(t) from a reservoir with horizontal water
surface, given its inflow hydrograph I(t) and
storage-outflow relationship
Hydrologic river routing
(Muskingum Method)
Wedge storage in reach

Advancing I
S Prism  KQ Flood
Q
Wave
S Wedge  KX ( I  Q ) I>Q
I Q
K = travel time of peak through the
reach Q Q
X = weight on inflow versus outflow (0
≤ X ≤ 0.5)
X = 0  Reservoir, storage depends
on outflow, no wedge
X = 0.0 - 0.3  Natural stream I Q
S  KQ  KX ( I  Q)
Receding
Flood
S  K [ XI  (1  X )Q ] Wave QI
Q>I
I I
Muskingum Method (Cont.)
S  K [ XI  (1  X )Q]

S j 1  S j  K {[ XI j 1  (1  X )Q j 1 ]  [ XI j  (1  X )Q j ]}

Recall:
I j 1  I j Q j 1  Q j
S j 1  S j  t  t
2 2

t  2 KX
Combine: C1 
2 K (1  X )  t
Q j 1  C1I j 1  C 2 I j  C3Q j
t  2 KX
C2 
2 K (1  X )  t
2 K (1  X )  t
C3 
2 K (1  X )  t

If I(t), K and X are known, Q(t) can be calculated using


above equations
Muskingum - Example
• Given:
– Inflow hydrograph
– K = 2.3 hr, X = 0.15, t = 1
hour, Initial Q = 85 cfs
• Find:
– Outflow hydrograph using
Muskingum routing method
t  2 KX 1  2 * 2.3 * 0.15
C1    0.0631
2 K (1  X )  t 2 * 2.3(1  0.15)  1
t  2 KX 1  2 * 2.3 * 0.15
C2    0.3442
2 K (1  X )  t 2 * 2.3(1  0.15)  1
2 K (1  X )  t 2 * 2.3 * (1  0.15)  1
C3    0.5927
2 K (1  X )  t 2 * 2.3(1  0.15)  1
Muskingum – Example (Cont.)

Q j 1  C1I j 1  C 2 I j  C3Q j

C1 = 0.0631, C2 = 0.3442,
C3 = 0.5927
800

700

600
Discharge (cfs)

500

400

300

200

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time (hr)

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