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Introduction To Web Development: Coding Blocks - Arnav Gupta

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and web development, including: - A brief history of the internet and key milestones in its development. - How the basic infrastructure of the internet works, including servers, clients, domain name servers (DNS), and internet service providers (ISPs). - Important web technologies like HTTP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, databases, APIs, and more. - The roles of different entities like web servers, pages, sites, and search engines. - Types of websites and frameworks used in web development.

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82 views34 pages

Introduction To Web Development: Coding Blocks - Arnav Gupta

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and web development, including: - A brief history of the internet and key milestones in its development. - How the basic infrastructure of the internet works, including servers, clients, domain name servers (DNS), and internet service providers (ISPs). - Important web technologies like HTTP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, databases, APIs, and more. - The roles of different entities like web servers, pages, sites, and search engines. - Types of websites and frameworks used in web development.

Uploaded by

rahul goyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Introduction to Web

Development
Coding Blocks – Arnav Gupta

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 1


The Internet
Some facts and history

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 2


Internet by the Numbers

 4.5 billion users


 >50% of all world population has access
 1.5 billion websites
 10x increase from 1999 to 2013

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 3


Internet History

 1958 – Bell Labs – Modem


 1961 – MIT – Packet Switching
 1968 – ARPANET
 1972 – University Internet Nodes, UCLA Chat
 1974 – Vint Cerf – TCP

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 4


How the Web works

 Servers
 Clients
 ISPs
 DNS
 Datacenters

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 5


Client Server Model

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 6


Domain Name Server

 Phone book of the Internet


 Maps domains (www.google.com, www.yahoo.com ) to IP addresses
(112.123.21.22, 8.8.22.56)
 Humans remember domains
 Computers work with IP

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 7


Internet Service Provider

 Company that provides access to user


 Internet can be over DSL, Phone Line, Cable, Fibre, Wireless and other
medium

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 8


Datacenters

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 9


Datacenters

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 10


Web terminologies

 Protocols
 Addresses
 Packets

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 11


Web Protocols

 TCP/IP
 HTTP
 DHCP
 FTP
 SMTP
 SSH
 Telnet

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 12


Web Addresses

 Domain Names
 IP Address
 MAC Address

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 13


Domain Names

 Human-readable web address


 <subdomain>.<domain>.<TLD>
 TLD – Top level domain
 .org
 .com
 .net
 Country based - .uk, .in,
 Purpose based - .edu, .aero, .info

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 14


IP Addresses

 32-bit, 4-word address (IPv4)


 Uniquely defines a server, a client, a node, or a router.
 IPv6 Address – Default in future - 128-bit (16 octet)
 IP allows –
 Subnets
 Gateways
 Private Ips

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 15


MAC Address

 Media Access Control


 An ID unique to a hardware Network Interface
 Is not dynamic like IP. Is fixed for a hardware device.
 Used by all IEEE 802 Network Technologies

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 16


Components of the Web

 Web Pages
 Web Sites
 Web Servers
 Search Engines

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 17


Web Page

 A document that can be viewed over web


 Transported over Internet
 Viewed on a browser
 Uses markup (HTML) and styling. Can contain scripts

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 18


Web Site

 Collection of webpages
 Also can include other media (audio, images, video)

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 19


Web Servers

 A hardware (or software) that hosts the website.


 One website can be spread over multiple servers
 One server can host multiple websites

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 20


Web Server Architecture

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 21


Search Engines

 A website that indexes other websites/webpages


 Helps you find websites
 Uses techniques like ‘crawling’ to cache content for searching
 Google.com, Bing.com, Yahoo.com

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 22


How web technologies work

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 23


Server

 Hardware
 OS
 Server Framework
 Containers/Servlets
 Server Applications

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 24


Server Side Frameworks

 Java
 Spring
 Play
 Jboss
 Python
 Flask
 Django
 Bottle

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 25


Server Side Frameworks

 Ruby
 Rails
 PHP
 Codeigniter
 Laravel
 Node.js
 Express
 Hapi.js

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 26


Client Side Techologies

 HTML (Markup)
 CSS (Styling)
 SASS
 LESS
 Javascript (Scripting/Events)
 jQuery
 Angular
 React
 Backbone
 Knockout

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 27


Server-side Databases

 RDBMS
 MySQL
 Postgres
 Oracle
 MS Database
 NoSQL
 MongoDB
 CouchDB
 Memcache
 Redis

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 28


Client-side Storage

 localStorage
 sessionStorage
 Cookies
 indexedDB
 cache

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 29


Types of websites

 Static Websites
 All HTML content is created and saved on server
 Dynamic Website
 Content is generated on demand for each user
 Responsive
 Reacts to user, and his screen size

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 30


RESTful APIs

 A contract between servers and clients


 GET
 POST
 PUT
 DELETE
 PATCH

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 31


Data exchange formats

 JSON
 XML

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 32


Website design principles

 Reactive websites
 Single-Page Applications
 MVC, MVP, MVVM and MV* architectures
 Web Application Frameworks

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 33


Latest developments

 VirtualDOM, ShadowDOM
 Sockets
 Pub/Sub, Push Notifications
 Browser Native APIs (Locations, User data)

Elixir - CodingBlocks - Arnav Gupta 3/27/18 34

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