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ANSI-SPARC Architecture

The document describes the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture for database systems. It has three levels: the external level which describes how data is viewed by users without knowledge of physical storage, the conceptual level which describes the logical relationships between data, and the internal level which describes how data is physically stored. The objectives are to provide different views of data for different users, shield users from storage details, and allow the database structure and storage to change without affecting users.

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Noman Ali
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402 views16 pages

ANSI-SPARC Architecture

The document describes the ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture for database systems. It has three levels: the external level which describes how data is viewed by users without knowledge of physical storage, the conceptual level which describes the logical relationships between data, and the internal level which describes how data is physically stored. The objectives are to provide different views of data for different users, shield users from storage details, and allow the database structure and storage to change without affecting users.

Uploaded by

Noman Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ANSI-SPARC Architecture

ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite


cture

Presented By:
Ayesha Zaheer (09)
Saba Munir (028)
Aqsa Khalid (077)
Content…
• Objectives of Three-Level Architecture
• Three Levels of Architecture
1. External Level
2. Conceptual Level
3. Internal Level
Objectives of Three-Levels Archite
cture
• All users should be able to access same data b
ut a different customized view.
• A user’s view is immune to changes made in o
ther views.
• Users should not need to know physical databa
se storage details.
Objectives of Three-Level Architec
ture
• DBA should be able to change database storag
e structures without affecting the user’s views
(layer and levels are independent.)
• Internal structure of database should be unaffe
cted by changes to physical aspects of storage.
• DBA should be able to change conceptual stru
cture of database without affecting all users.
ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
External Level
• Highest or top level of data abstraction ( No k
nowledge of DBMS S/W and H/W or physica
l storage).
• This level is concerned with the user.
• Describe that part of database that is relevant
to a particular user.
• All database user work on external level of D
BMS.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Different views may have different representa
tion of same data (e.g. data format age derived
from DOB etc.)
• There can be n number of external views for d
atabase where n is the number of user.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
Conceptual Level
• And how the data is inter-related.
• The conceptual level is a way of describing w
hat data is stored.
• The conceptual level does not specify how the
data is physically stored.
• This is the next higher level than internal level
of data abstraction.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Logical Level
• It is also known as Logical level.
• It hides low level complexities of physical stora
ge.
• Expertise work at this level are
• Database administrator
• Designers
• Application developers
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Conceptual Level Represents
• It represents all entities and their relationships.
• The constraints on data.
• Security and integrity information.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Example
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
Internal level
• This is the lowest level of data abstraction.
• It describes How the data are actually stored in t
he database.
• It is also known as physical level.
• It covers the data structure and file organization
used to store data on storage devices.
• Database administrator work at this level.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• The internal level is concerned:
• Storage space allocation for data and indexes.
• Record description.
• Data compression and data encryption techniq
ues.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Example
Thank You!!

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