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Learning Theories: Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism

This document compares and contrasts the behaviorist and cognitivist perspectives on learning. The behaviorist view sees learning as passive, observable responses to external stimuli through reinforcement and punishment, while the cognitivist view sees learning as an active process where learners construct knowledge and relate new information to prior knowledge and thinking. The behaviorist approach is teacher-centered while the cognitivist approach is student-centered.

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Doreen Ting
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508 views12 pages

Learning Theories: Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism

This document compares and contrasts the behaviorist and cognitivist perspectives on learning. The behaviorist view sees learning as passive, observable responses to external stimuli through reinforcement and punishment, while the cognitivist view sees learning as an active process where learners construct knowledge and relate new information to prior knowledge and thinking. The behaviorist approach is teacher-centered while the cognitivist approach is student-centered.

Uploaded by

Doreen Ting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Founders and proponents: John B.

Watson,
Ivan Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura etc.

 General perception: there is no difference


between the way one learns a language
and the way one learns to do anything
else.

 Skinner
says, “language is a conditioned
behaviour”
 Essentiallyviewed as passive and learn
language step by step, i.e., imitation >
repetition > memorisation > controlled
drilling > reinforcement

 Notconcerned with how and why


knowledge is obtained, but rather if the
correct response is given – learning is
defined as nothing more than the
acquisition of new behaviour.
 Focus on publicly observable responses;
objectively perceived, recorded and
measured.

 Given the correct degree & scheduling


of reinforcement, organisms can be
conditioned to respond in desired ways.
 Teacher-centered

 One-way information transmission.

A lot of drilling (repetition) activities.

 Reward & punishment system.


 Refers to a group of psychological
theories which draw heavily on the work
in linguistics of Noam Chomsky.

 Focuson the mind and attempt to show


how information is received, assimilated,
stored and recalled.
 Active participation is required in
order to learn, and actions are a
consequence of thinking.

 Learning is as a process of relating new


information to previously learned
information – a change in schemata
 Achieving the level of descriptive
adequacy & also arriving at an
explanatory level of adequacy.

 Employed the tools of logic, reason and


inference to derive explanation.
 Makeuse of feedback to guide and
support mental connection.

 Allowthe students to think critically, not


only what, but how.

 Errors
as parts of learning process –
accepted.
Behaviorism Cognitivism
• teacher-centered • student-centered
• learners are passive receivers of • Learners actively involved in
environmental conditions learning process and can have
control over their own learning
• teacher as a “dictator” • teacher as a facilitator

• language is practice based • associate new learning with


previous knowledge
• learning is controlled by the • focus more on the learners as active
conditions under which it takes place participants in the teaching-learning
process
• rewarding students for all learning • not accounting enough for
will cause students to lose interest in individuality/ giving little emphasis
learning for its own sake/ imitation on the effective characteristics of the
does not help the learner in a real- learners
life situation
 mirul ngok ngek

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