PREPOSITIONs

Definition:-
Preposition is a word, which is used before a noun, a noun
phrase or a pronoun , connecting it to another word.

PREPOSITIONS FUNCTION WITHIN

PHRASES TO MODIFY MAIN VERBS,
NOUNS, OR ADJECTIVES.
THEY ALSO EXPRESS SPATIAL AND
TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
PARTS OF A SENTENCE.
1. Location: at, on, in: Prepositions differ
according to the number of dimensions they refer to.
We can group them into three classes using concepts
from geometry: point, surface, and area/volume.
a. Point: (at) Prepositions in this group indicate that the noun that
follows them is treated as a point in relation to which another
object is positioned.
b. Surface: (on) Prepositions in this group indicate that the
position of an object is defined with respect to a surface on
which it rests.
c. Area/Volume: (in) Prepositions in this group indicate that an
object lies within the boundaries of an area or within the
confines of a volume.
2. Direction: to, on(to), in(to): These prepositions express
movement toward something. To, into, and onto
correspond respectively to the prepositions of location at,
in, and on. Each pair can be defined by the same spatial
relations of point, line/surface, or area/volume.

3. Temporal relations: Prepositions also express how objects

relate temporally. Prepositions can express a point in time
or an extended time.
a. On, at, and in are each used to express similar relations as their
spatial counterparts.
b. Since, by, for, and from-to are used to express extended time.
1. We arrived ____ the house 8. A light appeared ____ the
____ the afternoon. window.
2. The waiter was ____ our table 9. The cattle will graze ____ the
immediately. open range ____ the whole
3. We have not seen our waiter summer.
_____ we arrived. 10. Three hockey players are ____
4. The soccer player leaped ____ the ice.
the ball. 11. The cowboy rode _____ the
5. The tiger jumped _____ my setting sun.
face. 12. Three boxers are ____ the ring.
6. The tiger jumped _____ the 13. The play ran _____ September
trap. ____ November.
7. I went ____ the store today. 14. The water spilled _____
the floor.
• For is a personal and personally limiting preposition
and expresses a proprietary relationship. Also, for
refers to temporal duration (ex: I went to England for
two weeks) and motivation.
• To is a quantitative, directional preposition and
should be used to explain the impersonal connection
between objects.
1. For:
a. “Speak for myself.” Here for refers to motive and is personally
limiting and proprietary. The emphasis is as follows: “I speak
on my own behalf; no one else does it for me.”
b. “This is my first time for a visit.” This sentence lays more stress
on the personal motive for the visit. This preposition stresses
the relationship between the visitor and the visitee.
2. To: “Speak to myself.” Here to explains the direction of the
conversation.
3. Infinitives: “This is my first time to visit.” To visit is an infinitive
not a preposition. This sentence lays stress on the action of the
visit. An adverb could be added to inform the reader of the
specific type of action (personal visit, professional visit . . . etc.).
 5. (Motive) The bookstore
1. (Direction) I went ___ the closed ___ convocation.
bank to deposit my check. 6. (Direction) The clerk left to
2. (Personal) I am waiting go ___ the chapel.
___ the ambulance. 7. (Motive) The clerk left ___
3. (Motive) John left ___ the chapel.
France where he hopes to 8. (Direction) Sally wants to
study French culture. go ___ the lake.
4. (Direction) Thomas is 9. (Personal) John spoke ___
leaving to go ___ England himself.
tomorrow. 10. (Direction) John spoke
___ himself.
@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists
only one word.
e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,
@ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which
consists of two or more words.
e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc..,
Some prepositions
 Kinds of Prepositions

There are three types in prepositions

 Prepositions of Place

Some prepositions show where something happens.

They are called prepositions of place.
Examples:-

Sanny was sitting under a tree.

There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet.

Some geese flew over their house.

John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.

There was a tree beside the river.

I have a friend who lives in America.

 Prepositions of Time

Some prepositions show when something happens.

They are called prepositions of time.
Examples:-
School starts at nine o’clock.

We’re going to the zoo on Saturday.

No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already.

I visited my grandparents during the summer.

You must finish the work by Friday.

I’ll do my homework before dinner.

 Prepositions of Direction

Some prepositions show where something is going.

They are called prepositions of direction.

Examples:-

The boys chased after each other.

The football rolled down the hill.

A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.

The freeway goes right through the city.

We were travelling towards Miami.

 Prepositions with special uses

Usage of OF
Our modules are full of real life examples.
I ate a plate of rice and a quarter of milk.
Would you like a glass of lemon juice?
I need three pieces of paper.
Most of the children in my class like
Education.
There are several ways of cooking Upma.
Usage of “FOR”

I made this bookmark for Mom.

Is there room for me on this seat?

I’d like a new computer for Christmas.

We’re going downtown for a meeting. I made this gift for

my mother.

Is there place for me on this seat?

I’d like a new Laptop for Next year..

Usage of “WITH”

He pounds nails with a hammer.

Mix the flour with water.

She painted the picture with her new paints.

Would you like to come with us to the cinema?

I can do difficult problems with help from Mom.

Who is the man with the beard?

Usage of “EXCEPT” AND “INSTEAD OF”

I like all kinds of food except Upma.

Everyone likes chocolate except Tom.

We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.

You should eat fruit instead of candy.

Dad is coming to the theater with us instead of Mom.

We could watch TV instead of reading our books.

Usage of “LIKE”, “AS” and “THEN”

Kathleen looks like her dad.

Andrew smiles like his mother.
Peter sings like a professional singer.
Are these shoes the same as those?
Sue is nearly as tall as the teacher.
My backpack is bigger than John’s.
Dad is taller than all of us.
This painting is more beautiful than that one.
The neighborhood streets are less busy than
downtown streets.
 Prepositions with Adjective ,Verbs .

Prepositions are used with some adjectives. The

adjectives in these examples are printed in color.

Dad was angry with us.

We were afraid of the big dog.
She’s not very interested in sports.
John is very good at drawing.
Mr. Lee is pleased with our work.
The teachers are always kind to us.
What’s wrong with the computer?
Prepositions are used with some verbs. The
verbs in these examples are printed in color.

I’m looking for my pencil. Have you seen it?

Can you think of another word for ‘pleased’?
Does this book belong to you?
We’re listening to CDs.
I agree with you.
Tell me about the show you saw.
Cut the cake into five pieces.
They borrowed money from the bank.
Prepositions are used with some nouns. The
nouns in these examples are printed in color.

What’s the answer to this question?

Is there a reason for this delay?
What’s the matter with you?
Here’s an example of good behavior.
Congratulations on winning the competition!
Traffic can cause damage to the environment.
 TRY THIS:
1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place)
2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time)
3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction)
4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time)
5. She put the book ____her bag. (place)
6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place)
7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place)
8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time)
9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened.
(direction)
Thank you.
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