Chapter 8
G.U.T.
Force
A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting
from the object's interaction with another object.
Whenever there is an interaction between two
objects, there is a force upon each of the
objects.
Contact forces are forces which result when the
two interacting objects are physically contacting
each other.
Action-at-a-distance forces are forces which
result even when the two interacting objects are
not in physical contact with each other, yet are
able to exert a push or pull despite their physical
separation.
Examples of Forces
Contact Forces Action-at-a-Distance
Frictional Force Gravitational Force
Tension Force Electrical Force
Normal Force Magnetic Force
Air Resistance Force
Applied Force
Spring Force
Exam Question
A bowling ball rolls down a bowling alley.
Among the following, what causes its motion?
A) The instantaneous speed
B) The length of the alley
C) The mass of the ball
D) The initial force applied to the ball
Force Unit
Force is a vector quantity which is
measured using the standard metric unit
known as the Newton or N.
One Newton is the amount of force
required to give a 1-kg mass an
acceleration of 1 m/s/s.
1N = 1kg•m/s2
Activity
Page 173: Activity Forces: Part A
Draw Force Diagrams for each of the
situations.
Adding Force Vectors
Vectors may be added tip to tail.
Activity
P. 176. Q. 1- 3
Equilibrium Force
When a system of forces is in equilibrium,
the net Force, F net , is said to be 0.
So if we add 2 or more force vectors
together, if the net Force is 0, then the
sum of the vectors should be 0.
If the net Force is unbalanced, another
vector can be added to achieve a net
Force of 0.
Exam Question
A wire is suspended from the ceiling of a room. A 10 N weight is attached to the end of
the wire. The mass is then subjected to a horizontal force of 6.5 N. (The figure below is
not drawn to scale.)
What angle is formed between the wire and the vertical?
A) 33°
B) 41°
C) 49°
D) 57°
T h re e fo rc e s o f 1 0 N a re a p p lie d to a tro lle y o n a h o riz o n ta l s u rfa c e .
Exam Question
F 2 = 1 0 N
F 3 = 1 0 N
4 5 º
4 5 º
F 1 = 1 0 N
W h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g g ra p h s illu s tra te th e e q u ilib riu m o f th is s y s te m ?
C )
A )
E = 2 4 ,1 N
F 2 = 1 0 N
F2 = 1 0 N 4 5 º F3= 1 0 N
4 5 º
4 5 º F3 = 1 0 N
F1 = 1 0 N
4 5 º
F 1 = 1 0 N
E = 2 4 ,1 N
B )
F = 1 0 N
D ) 2
F 2 = 1 0 N
F = 1 0 N
4 5 º 3
4 5
F3 = 1 0 N 4 5 º
º4 5
º E F = 1 0 N
1
F 1 = 1 0 N
E = 1 0 N
Activity
Do the Lab on page 177: Addition of
Forces in Static Equilibrium
Page 180, Practice a,b,c,d
Use drawings and/or trig.
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law states that the amount of
deformation (squish or stretch) of an
elastic object (e.g. a spring) is proportional
to the forces applied to deform it.
F = kx
F is the Force in Newtons
x is the length of stretch in metres
k is the constant of proportionality, specific
to a spring – Unit is N/m
Hooke’s Law
J im m y a p p lie s fo rc e to a s p rin g -p la tfo rm in o rd e r to c o m p re s s it. F o r e a c h fo rc e , h e n o te s
th e c o rre s p o n d in g d is ta n c e th e s p rin g is c o m p re s s e d .
Exam Question F
H e d ra w s a g ra p h o f th e fo rc e F a s a fu n c tio n o f th e c o m p re s s e d d is ta n c e x .
W h a t ty p e o f lin e s h o u ld th e y o b ta in o n th e g ra p h ?
A ) B ) C ) D )
F F F F
x x x x
Activity
Page 183, Q. 1-3
Lab: Hooke’s Law.
Page 181.
Summary
Force is a push or pull on an object, measured in
Newtons (N).
Mass is the amount of matter in an object,
measured in kilograms (kg).
When adding forces along the same straight
line, consider the forces in one direction as
being positive, and the other direction, negative.
The sum of the forces is called the unbalanced
or net force, Fnet.
A vector diagram is used the determine the net
force.
Hooke’s Law states that the deformation of an
elastic object, such as a spring, is directly
proportional to the forces applied to it.
Activity
Page 190, Q. 2,3,5,9, 11-13
