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015 Image Smoothing Basic Concepts

Edges are locations in an image with significant intensity changes and can be described by their direction, strength, and position. Edge detection involves calculating the image derivatives and finding locations where the derivative exceeds a threshold, indicating an edge. Common methods to approximate the derivatives include Prewitt and Sobel operators, which apply filters to the image pixels. The Canny edge detector further improves detection by finding the image gradient norm, thresholding, and thinning the results.

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66 views7 pages

015 Image Smoothing Basic Concepts

Edges are locations in an image with significant intensity changes and can be described by their direction, strength, and position. Edge detection involves calculating the image derivatives and finding locations where the derivative exceeds a threshold, indicating an edge. Common methods to approximate the derivatives include Prewitt and Sobel operators, which apply filters to the image pixels. The Canny edge detector further improves detection by finding the image gradient norm, thresholding, and thinning the results.

Uploaded by

Hilbert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Edge Detection

Edges are significant local changes of intensity in an image


Edge Descriptors

 Edge direction:
 Perpendicular to the direction of maximum intensity change (i.e., edge normal)

 Edge strength:
 Related to the local image contrast along the edge normal

 Edge position:
 The image position at which an edge is located
Detecting the Edge
Original First Derivative

I  x, y 
I  x , y 
 THRESH  Edge Detected
x
x

THRESH

x x
Gradient Approximation
 Consider the arrangement of pixels about the pixel (i, j):

3 x 3 neighborhood:

 The partial derivatives can be computed by:

 The constant c implies the emphasis given to pixels closer to the


center of the mask
Prewitt Operator

 Setting c = 1, we get the Prewitt operator:


Sobel Operator

 Setting c = 2, we get the Sobel operator:


Canny Edge Detector - example

original image vertical edges horizontal edges

norm of the gradient after thresholding after thinning

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