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Cellulose & Hemicelluloses

Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the main strength-contributing components of pulp. They are carbohydrate polymers, with cellulose having a higher molecular weight. Cellulose degradation during pulping and bleaching decreases pulp strength by shortening cellulose chains. The level of degradation can be determined by measuring cellulose viscosity, though viscosity does not directly correlate to strength. Cellulose can be classified based on degree of polymerization into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Hemicelluloses have a lower molecular weight than cellulose and comprise 20-30% of wood.

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Suci Putri Pratiwi
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90 views9 pages

Cellulose & Hemicelluloses

Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the main strength-contributing components of pulp. They are carbohydrate polymers, with cellulose having a higher molecular weight. Cellulose degradation during pulping and bleaching decreases pulp strength by shortening cellulose chains. The level of degradation can be determined by measuring cellulose viscosity, though viscosity does not directly correlate to strength. Cellulose can be classified based on degree of polymerization into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Hemicelluloses have a lower molecular weight than cellulose and comprise 20-30% of wood.

Uploaded by

Suci Putri Pratiwi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cellulose & hemicelluloses

• Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the main


strength contributing pulp.
• Cellulose and hemicelluloses are carbohydrate
polymers.
• Hemicelluloses has a much lower molecular
weight than cellulose, so it is easier to be
dissolved
Cellulose
• Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate
in nature, but its use has not been optimum.
• Cellulose consists of glucose monomers are
linked by a bond - 1,4-glycosides.
• Glucose can be obtained by hydrolyzing
glycoside bond.
• The chemical bond in cellulose can be broken
by hydrolysis
Contribution of cellulose to pulp
strength
• Cellulose degradation can be occurred when
pulping or bleaching process.
• When cellulose degradation is sufficiently severe,
pulp strength will decrease.
• Decreasing of pulp strength is caused by
shortened the chain of cellulose.
• Although the strength of pulp sheets is a complex
property, the degradation of cellulose can be
important factor in determining overall pulp
strength.
Determination of cellulose
degradation
• Cellulose degradation can be determined by
measuring the average length of the cellulose
molecule. To do this, the pulp is dissolved in a
cellulose solvent and the viscosity of this solution
is measured.
• The viscosity of pulp is the function of a cellulose
average chain length.
• Cellulose viscosity is often used as an indicator of
cellulose degradation, and to indicate the
strength of pulp sheet, however, the pulp
viscosity is not linearly related to strength.
Classification of cellulose
• Based on the level of degree polymerization,
cellulose can be classified as:
Alpha Cellulose is cellulose which has long
bonding , not dissolve in NaOH 17,5% or in a
strong alkaline. Degree of its polymerization is in
around 600-1500.
Betha Cellulose is cellulose which has a short
bonding, dissolve in NaOH 17,5% or in a strong
alkaline, DP 15-90, can be settled down by
neutralized .
• Gamma cellulose is cellulose which has the
shortest bonding. Dissolve in NaOH 17,5% or
in a strong alkaline, DP is less than 15.
• Molecular weight of cellulose can be
measured.
• There is a relation between viscosity and
molecular weight.
Measurement of cellulose molecular
weight
• Relation between viscosity and molecular weight
:

• M is the number average (Mn), length average (Ml


), molecular weight or average degree of
polymerization. Km is Staudinger constant and a is
a variable which decrease with increasing MW.
The value of Km and a are vary according to the
method and the measurement performed.
Hemicelluloses
• Hemicelluloses is carbohydrate polymers,
usually comprise 20-30% of the dry weight of
wood.
• Hemicelluloses is derived from a single sugar,
glucose, have a much lower molecular weight
than cellulose.
• Hemicelluloses are colorless

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