Ethernet Framing
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Foreword
Transmission over a physical medium requires rules that define the
communication behavior. The management of the forwarding behavior of
Ethernet based networks is controlled through IEEE 802 standards
defined for Ethernet data link technology. A fundamental knowledge of
these standards is imperative to fully understand how link layer
communication is achieved within Ethernet based networks.
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Objectives
Upon completion of this section, trainees will be able to:
Explain the application of reference models to networks.
Describe how frames are constructed.
Explain the function of MAC addressing at the data link layer.
Describe Ethernet frame forwarding and processing behavior.
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Managing Network Communication
TCP/IP ISO Novell IBM
LANs WANs
IEEE 802 Standards Frame Relay PPP HDLC
Networks are primarily managed by upper and lower layer
protocols.
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Layered Models - TCP/IP
Application
Transport
TCP/IP
Network
Ethernet Network Interface
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Layered Models - OSI
Provision of communications
7 Application between applications
Data formatting &
6 Presentation layer encryption/decryption
Establish, maintain and
5 Session layer manage sessions
4 Establish, maintain and
Transport layer manage end-to-end connection
3
Network layer Addressing and routing
2 Provision of link medium
Data link layer access & link management
1
Physical layer Bit flow transmission
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Encapsulation
7 Application Data
6 Presentation layer Data
5 Session layer Data
4
Transport layer Data
3
Network layer Data
2
Data link layer Data
1
Physical layer
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Communication Between Two End Stations
Host A Host B
Frame Header Data Trailer
Data link layer frames are used to govern transmission over the
communications medium.
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Frame Formats
Host A Host B
Ethernet II D.MAC S.MAC Type Data FCS
IEEE802.3 D.MAC S.MAC Length LLC SNAP Data FCS
Field Value >= 1536 (0x0600) Ethernet II
Field Value <= 1500 (0x05DC) IEEE802.3
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Ethernet II Frame
6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 46-1500 bytes 4 bytes
D.MAC S.MAC Type Data FCS
0x0800 IP 2048 (0x0800)
0x0806 ARP 2054 (0x0806)
The Ethernet II frame type is associated with protocols with a
type value greater than 1536 (0x600).
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IEEE802.3 Frame
6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 38-1492 bytes 4 bytes
D.MAC S.MAC Length LLC SNAP Data FCS
1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 3 bytes 2 bytes
D.SAP S.SAP Control Org Code Type
STP 0x03 3 (0x03)
The IEEE 802.3 frame type is associated with protocols with a
type value less than 1500 (0x05DC).
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Frame Forwarding
Host A Host B
MAC：10-0B-A9-23-38-10 MAC：10-0B-A9-9D-C9-B8
D.MAC
MAC：10-0B-A9-9D-B9-C8
Media Access Control (MAC) addressing facilitates data link
layer communication.
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The Ethernet MAC Address
48 bits
24 bits 24 bits
OUI Assigned by each organization
MAC addresses are comprised of an organizationally unique
identifier and a vendor assigned address value.
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Unicast Frame Forwarding
48 bits
7 bits 0
Host A Host B
unicast
Host C Host D
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Multicast Frame Forwarding
48 bits
7 bits 1
Host A Host B
multicast
Host C Host D
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Broadcast Frame Forwarding
48 bits
FF FF FF FF FF FF
Host A Host B
broadcast
Host C Host D
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Carrier Sense
Host A Host B Host C
Carrier Sense (Network Occupied)
Host A Host B Host C
Data
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Frame Processing
Host A Host B
MAC B MAC A 0x0800 Data FCS IP Data
Data
Data link (frame) instructions are received, processed and
discarded.
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Summary
How does Ethernet determine the protocol to which a processed
frame should be delivered?
How is it determined whether a frame should be processed or
discarded upon being received by an end device?
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Thank you
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