TRANSPIRATION
&
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Presented By: Loren, Shahaina Tuaine
TRANSPIRATION
A process by which water is evaporated from the
airspaces in plant leaves.
STOMATAL TRANSPIRATION
• Root systems of plants
absorbs water in varying
quantities. Water is
transmitted through the
plant and escapes
through pores in the leaf
system.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT TRANSPIRATION
Solar Radiation
Temperature
Wind Velocity
Vapor Gradients
Character of the Plant
Plant Density
Soil Moisture Content (when reduced to the wilting
point)
Transpiration may be measured in the laboratory
by using tanks wherein evaporation is eliminated
and water losses are found by weighing.
Most field observations are made by using
lysimeters.
CONSUMPTIVE USE FOR CROPS
Blaney-Criddle Method
Where:
t = the mean monthly temperature (°F)
p = the monthly daytime hours given as
percentage of the year (Table 5.4)
If monthly values for the consumptive use
coefficient (k) are available, monthly
consumptive use can be found by using:
Where:
u = the monthly consumptive use (in.)
k = the monthly consumptive use
coefficient
Examples
1. Determine the monthly consumptive use of an
alfalfa crop grown in southern California for the
month of July if the average monthly
temperature is 72°F, average daytime hours in
percentage of the year is 9.88, and the mean
monthly consumptive use coefficient is 0.85.
Ans. 6.05 in .
2. Determine the seasonal consumptive use of a
tomato crop grown in New Jersey if the mean
monthly temperatures for May, June, July, and
August are 61.6, 70.3, 75.1, and 73.4 °F,
respectively, and the percent daylight hours
for the given months are 10.02, 10.08, 10.22,
and 9.54 as percent of the year, respectively.
Ans. 18.1 in.
TRANSPIRATION CONTROL
Use of chemicals to inhibit water consumption
Harvesting of plants
Improved irrigation practices
Actual removal or destruction of certain vegetative
types
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Loss
of water from the soil both by evaporation
and by transpiration from the plants growing
thereon.
Thornthwaite-Holzman Equation
POTENTIAL
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
"The water loss which will occur if at no time there is
a deficiency of water in the soil for the use of
vegetation."
- Thornthwaite
Potential evapotranspiration is equal to lake
evaporation as determined from National Weather
Service Class A pan records.
Agricultural Research Service (ARS) equation
for estimating potential evapotranspiration:
Where:
ET = evapotranspiration potential
(in/day)
GI = growth index of crop in percentage
of maturity
𝐸 = 0.35(𝑒𝑎 − 𝑒𝑑 )(1 + 0.0098𝑢2 )
ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
The penman Method
Where:
Δ = the slope of the saturated vapor
pressure curve of air at absolute
temperature (mmHg/°F)
H = the daily heat budget at the surface
(mm/day)
E = daily evaporation (mm)
ET = the evapotranspiration or
consumptive use for a given period
(mm/day)
Where:
R = the mean monthly extraterrestrial
radiation (mm H2O evaporated per
day)
r = the estimated percentage of
reflecting surface
B = a temperature-dependent
coefficient
S = the estimated ratio of actual
duration of bright sunshine to maximum
possible duration of bright sunshine
Example
1. Using the Penman Method, estimate ET, given
the following data:
temperature at water surface = 20°C
temperature of air = 30°C
relative humidity = 40%
wind velocity = 2mpht,
the month is June at latitude 30° N,
r = 0.07
S = 0.75
B = 17.01
Ans. 6.85 mm/day
