MAST CLIMBING SAFETY
TRAINING
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Outline
• Opening Formalities
• Introduction to Safety-Definitions and Concepts
• Mast Climbing Accidents- “The Shattered Lives Concept”
• Mast Climbing Safety Fundamentals
• Falling from Heights
• Procedures, Tools and Techniques of Fall Protection
• Fall Protection Equipment
• Personal Protective Equipment and other Ancillary Systems
• Practical
• Closing Formalities
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Opening Formalities
• Safety Brief & Facility Orientation
• Introductions
– Facilitators
– Participants
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Safety Brief &
Facility Orientation
• Safety Brief
– Muster Points
– Emergency Equipment Locations
– Emergency Coordinator
– First Aid
• Facility Orientation
– Rest rooms
– Tea Break/Lunch Location
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Introducing
• Services
– Consultancy Services
• Training
• Safety Advisory
• Outsourced Safety Process Management
– Technical Manpower Provision Services
– Supply Chain Management/ Equipment Procurement
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Meet our Facilitator
Adebiyi Adeosun
HSE Engineer and Consultant (18 yrs)
• BSc. Chemical Engineering
• MSc. Petroleum Engineering
• Trains over 20 various HSE related courses
• Conducted over 25 HSE related oil/gas and non
oil/gas studies and assessments
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“EVER
Y
WEEK
ONE
OF US
DIES”
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Shattered Lives!
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Shattered Lives
Campaign
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Background
• Around half of major injuries from falls occur during building
or plant maintenance (more than 1,500 last year)
• Falls are the main cause of workplace fatality. 45 dead last
year
• Slips, trips and falls account for more than a third (38%) of all
major workplace injuries
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Shattered Lives Campaign
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Tom’s Life Shattered
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Serious Injury
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A Bad Safety Record Hits Profits
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Look at the Risks
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Avoid Work at Height where
Possible
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Competence is Key
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You don’t Have to Fall Far to Land
Hard
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What Next?
• This is what we are doing as a company
– Reviewing risk assessment/ method statements
– Training/ re-training our workers
– Getting new, safer access equipment
– Looking at where we can improve housekeeping to stop trips
• What more could we do to prevent trips and falls?
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Mast Climbing Safety
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How Wireless Communications Work
Cellular radio telephones, also known as cell phones, communicate
by sending radio signals to a cell tower. Each cell tower has a
certain range within which it can receive the radio signals. The
range of each tower overlaps with that of another tower so as a
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mobile cell phone user travels, communication is uninterrupted.
Mast
What are mast?
Tall vertical tower made of metals usually used in the
telecommunication and television/radio business to support the
transfer of signals.
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General Structure of the Mast –
Schematic (not drawn to scale)
Upper Mast > 10 metres
Middle Mast less than 10 metr
Lower Mast less than 2 metres
Foundation 25
Mast Climbing Issues –
Working at Height!
• Working conditions.
• Distance to be negotiated for access and egress.
• Distance and consequences of a fall.
• Duration and frequency of use.
• Evacuation and rescue..
• Additional risk posed by the installation and removal of work
equipment.
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Definition
What
What is
is Working
Working at
at Heights?
Heights?
• Work in any place where, if precautions were not taken, a
person(s) could fall down and injure themselves.
• Including,
– Work above ground level
– Could fall from an edge, through an opening or fragile surface
– Could fall from ground level into an opening in a floor or hole
in the ground;
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Hazards & Injuries
Factors
Factors which
which can
can cause
cause aa fall
fall
• Sudden acceleration or deceleration
• Openings or holes are not protected or identified
• Hand grip is lost
• Over reaching
• Loss of balance
• Open edges are not protected
• Ladders are used incorrectly
• Slip or trip
• Struck by a moving or falling object
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Hazards & Injuries
Injuries
Injuries
• Range from simple sprain or impact to death
• June 2008, a Lloyds senior surveyor, while ascending the aft
vertical ladder aboard a vessel, just 1.5m above the top
stringer of a water ballast tank, fell from the vertical ladder to
the lower string.
• As a result he received multiple internal injuries
• Rescued by Fire and Rescue services and taken to local
Hospital
• Pronounced dead on arrival.
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Hazard Control
Hierarchy
Hierarchy of
of Control
Control
6. Personal Protective Equipment
5. Reduction in Personnel
Time / Exposure
es
reas
De c
4. Segregation
afety
S
rent
3. Engineering Controls
Inhe
2. Substitution
1. Elimination 30
Common Causes of Falls
from Tower Scaffolds
• The barrier or gate is not closed or locked and the worker
slips or trips and falls through the gap.
• The worker misses a step or slips on accessing or getting
down.
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Checking Your Mast Ladder
• Check the welding on the staging and guard rails.
• Check the platform and trap door on the tower.
• Check any rivets are in place and are not damaged.
• Can the gate on the podium be closed securely?
• Check the braces are in good condition and not bent or corroded.
• Check the brace claws work properly.
If you use a tower of over 2 metres on a site, it
must be inspected every seven days.
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Using the Mast Ladder
• Never over reach while climbing a mast ladder
• Can you get in and out of the platform safely?
• Put tools and materials in a carrier bag where possible.
• Always close and lock the gate or trap before starting work.
• Do not climb or lean on the guard rails.
• Wear the right footwear and make sure the soles are clean.
• Before moving, check for overhead hazards.
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Mast Climbing Hazards
• Slip
• Fall
• Falling objects
• Caught in between structures
• Electricals
• Environment
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Common Types of Injuries
• Cut
• Broken Bones and Limbs
• Slip disc
• Dislocation
• Bleeding
• Electrocution
• Fainting
• Deaths
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Work at Height
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Organisation, Planning, Competence
Work at height should be
– Properly planned
– Appropriately supervised
– Not carried out if weather conditions jeopardise health and
safety
Those working at height should be
– competent or if being trained supervised by a competent
person
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Risk Assessment
• Do a risk assessment
• What is the altitude – The higher the altitude, the higher the
severity in terms of consequences
• What is the duration of the activity?
• How many people are working at height?
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Control Measures
Every activity involving Mast Climbing must be:
Be approved through a Permit to Work System
Supervised by the Site Safety Officer
An inspection of the system must be carried out and
certified safe
Personal Protective Equipment must be provided
All necessary precautions must be put in place including
emergency response
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Avoid - Prevent - Minimise
Avoid work at height
if you don’t have to go up there DON’T!
Prevent falls
Use the most suitable way of working
Select the most suitable equipment
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Avoid – Prevent - Minimise
Minimise the distance and consequences
• Minimise the consequences
• Take other measures to prevent injury e.g. instruction,
information and training
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Select the Right Work Equipment
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Select the Right Work Equipment
Collective protection before personal protection
• Select guardrails/working platforms before personal
fall prevention (e.g. work restraint)
• Select nets/airbags before personal fall arrest
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Types of Work Equipment
• Guardrails
• Nets/Airbags
• Personal Fall Protection systems
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Collective Prevention
Edge protection
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Collective Fall Arrest
Nets
Air bags
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Personal Fall Arrest
Fall Arrest
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Others
Avoid risks from Fragile Surfaces
Prevent Falling Objects
Warn about Danger Areas
Inspect work equipment
Persons at work should
• Follow instructions and training
• Advise employer of hazards/risks to health and safety
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Warning Notices
Warning notices for fragile surfaces
• Affix prominent warning notices at approaches to fragile
surfaces
• Where this is not reasonably practicable, persons should be53
Key Messages
• If you follow good practice you should be doing enough to
comply
• Do a risk assessment, plan and organise your work properly
• Follow the hierarchy: avoid – prevent – minimise
• Choose the right equipment - select collective protection
before personal
• Guide supported by Industry Specific Guidance.
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Fall Protection
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Safety Belts Vs Full Body Harness
• Safety Belts
– Positioning devices only
– May cause abdominal injuries if used in a fall
• Full Body Harness
– Distributes the force of a fall across the buttocks and is less
likely to cause internal injuries
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Fall Arresting Components
• Lanyard
– Length may vary depending on tie-off points, but must
restrict fall to four feet or less
– Must sustain 5,000 pounds (2273 kg) force, self retracting
3,000 (1364 kg) pounds of force
– Must be attached to the back of the harness
– Must be attached using double locking hooks
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Only a dummy
will climb a
mast without a
harness !
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Fall Arresting Components
• Fall Brakes
– Designed to absorb shock during falls so that injuries are
prevented or reduced
– Various types, with the most popular being webbing
stitched back on itself
– Should be positioned closest to the harness end of the
lanyard
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Inspection and Maintenance
• The worker using the fall protection system must inspect
components prior to each use
• Damaged, defective, or equipment subjected to a fall must be
removed for service
• Proper care and storage
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Rescue
• Prolong suspension may cause circulatory & breathing
problems
• A Rescue Plan must be developed to assure speedy recovery
• Specialized Equipment & Training
• Equipment on location
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Planning for Emergencies and Rescue
• Proportionate to the risk
• Reasonably foreseeable situations such as stuck equipment,
deployed fall arrest, fall into water
• Suspension trauma
• Do not rely on the fire brigade
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Suspension
Trauma
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What Does this Mean in
Practice for Workers?
• Know what the equipment they are using is designed to do
• Understand what checks need to be done before use
• How equipment should be stored, maintained and formally
inspected
• They are able to recognise safe and unsafe situations
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Mitigate the Consequences of a Fall
• When fall prevention is not reasonably practicable provide
work equipment to
- Minimise the distance and consequences, or
- When its not reasonably practicable to minimise the
distance, the consequences should still be minimised
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Hazard Control
Physical
Physical Barriers
Barriers
• Edge protection
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Hazard Control
Physical
Physical Barriers
Barriers
• Covers
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Equipment can include,
• Harness
• Lanyard
• Energy absorbing lanyard (or shock absorber)
• Fall arrest Block/winch retriever
• Life line
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Vertical travel system
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Horizontal travel system
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Work Restraint
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Work Position
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Hazard Control
Personal
Personal Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Fall Arrest
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Hazard Control
Fall
Fall Factors
Factors
• FALL FACTOR 0 – anchorage point is located above the
head so that the lanyard is kept taut above the worker.
• FALL FACTOR 1 – anchorage point is level with or slightly
above the dorsal attachment on the harness.
• FALL FACTOR 2 – anchorage point is below the dorsal
attachment on the harness or by the feet of the worker.
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Hazard Control
Fall
Fall Factors
Factors
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Questions & Answers
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