TRANSFORMASI LAPLACE

Definisi ∞
-st
L{f(t)} = F(s) = e f(t) dt
0
Operator Laplace L juga bersifat sebagai operator
L{c1f1(t) + c2f2(t)} = c1 L{f1(t) + c2 L{f2(t)}
c = bilangan Balikan (inversi) Laplace-nya
L {c1F1(s) +c2F2(s)} = c1 L {F1(s)} +c2 L {F2(s)}
-1 -1 -1

Selanjutnya akan sering menggunakan tabel. Transfor-

masi fungsi yang lain, dipersilahkan belajar sendiri.
 TABEL LAPLACE
No f(t) = L {F(s)} F(s) = L {f(t)}
-1

1 1 1/s s>0
2 t n n = 1,2,3 , . n! / s n+1

3 e at 1/(s - a) s>a
2 2
4 cos ωt s/(s + ω )
2 2
5 sin ωt ω/(s + ω )
Pengembangan Laplace
at
6 e f(t) F(s - a)
n n n n
7 t f(t) (- 1) d F/ds
(n)
s L{f(t)} - s f (0) - - f
n n-1 (n-1)
8 f (t) (0)
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
3 4s
L{3e } =
-4t
L{4 cos 5t} = 2
s+4 s + 25
L{t e } = (- 1)2 F (2)(s) = d2/ds2(s + 2)- 1
2 -2t

= 2 / (s + 2)3
L{e -2t 2 3
t } = 2 / (s + 2)

2s + 3 2(s-1) +5
L = L
-1 -1
2 2
s -2s+5 (s-1) + 4
t
= e (2 cos 2t + 5/2 sin 2t)
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
2
2s - 4
L
-1
= Ae2t + Be- t + Ce3t
(s-2)(s+1)(s-3)
Mencari A,B,C :
2
2s - 4 A B C
= + +
(s-2)(s+1)(s-3) s-2 s+1 s-3
2
A(s+1)(s-3)+B(s-2)(s-3)+C(s-2)(s+1) ≡ 2s - 4
s=2 A(3)(-1) = - 3A = 4 A = - 4/3
s = -1 B(-3)(-4) = 12B = - 2 B = - 1/6
s=3 C(1)(4) = 4C = 14 C = 7/2
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
3s + 1
L -1
2 = t
Ae + B cos t + C sin t
(s-1)(s +1)

Mencari A,B,C :
3s + 1 A Bs + C
2 = + 2
(s-1)(s +1) s-1 s +1

2
A(s +1) + (Bs+C)(s-1) ≡ 3s+1 s=1 A = 2
2
2(s +1) + (Bs+C)(s-1) = 3s+1 s=0 C = 1
2
2(s +1) + (Bs+1)(s-1) = 3s+1 s = -1 B = -2
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
2
5s -15s+7
L
-1 -t 2t
2 = Ae + (B + C*t) e
(s+1)(s-2)
Mencari A,B,C*
2
5s -15s+7 A B C
2 = + + 2
(s+1)(s-2) s + 1 s - 2 (s - 2)
2 2
A(s-2) + B(s+1)(s-2) + C(s+1) ≡ 5s - 15s + 7
s = -1 A(9) = 27 A = 3
s=2 C(3) = - 3 C = -1
2 2
3(s-2) + B(s+1)(s-2) - (s+1) ≡ 5s - 15s + 7
s=0 12 + B(1)(-2) - 1 = 7 B = 2
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
2
5s -15s+7
L -1 -t
2 = Ae + (B + C*t) e
2t
(s+1)(s-2)
Mencari C*
2
5s -15s+7 3 2 -1
2 = + + 2
(s+1)(s-2) s+1 s-2 (s - 2)
d 1 -1
L C*t e 2t
= C* -1 = C* 2
ds s - 2 (s - 2)
C* = C = -1
Diberi tanda * karena belum tentu C* = C.
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
-t
y" - 3y ' + 2y = 2e y(0) = 2 , y '(0) = - 1
Jawab L {y"} - 3L {y '} + 2L {y} = L {2e }
-t

L {y} = Y (s) = Y
L {y '} = s Y (s) - y(0) = sY - 2
L {y"} = s Y (s) - s y(0) - y '(0) = s Y - 2s + 1
2 2

1
L {e } =
-t
s+1
2 2
(s Y - 2s + 1) - 3(sY - 2) + 2Y =
s+1
 CONTOH-CONTOH LAPLACE
2 2
(s Y - 2s + 1) - 3(sY - 2) + 2Y =
s+1
2
2 2 2s - 5s - 5
(s - 3s + 2)Y = + 2s - 7 =
s+1 s+1
2
2s - 5s - 5 A B C
Y = 2 = + +
(s+1)(s -3s+2) s+1 s-2 s-1
-t 2t t
y = Ae + Be + Ce A,B,C dicari
2
A(s-2)(s-1) +B(s+1)(s-1) +C(s+1)(s-2) ≡ 2s -5s-5
A = 1/3 B = -7/3 C = 4
 Persamaan Serentak
-t
2x(t) - y(t) - y '(t) = 4 (1 - e ) x(0) = 0
- 2t
2x ' (t) + y(t) = 2 (1 + 3 e ) y(0) = 0
L {x} = X L {x '} = sX - x(0) = sX
L {y} = Y L {y '} = sY - y(0) = sY
1 1 1
L {1} = L{e } =
-t
L{e } =
-2t
s s+1 s+2
4 4 4
2X - Y - sY = - =
s s+1 s (s + 1)
2 6 8s + 4
2sX + Y = + =
s s+2 s (s + 2)
 Persamaan Serentak
4 4 4
2X - (s+1)Y = - =
s s+1 s (s + 1)
2 6 8s + 4
2sX + Y = + =
s s+2 s (s + 2)
4
- (s + 1)
s (s + 1)
8s + 4 4 (8s + 4)(s+1)
1 +
s (s + 2) s (s + 1) s (s + 2)
X= =
2 - (s + 1)
2 + 2s (s + 1)
2s 1
 Persamaan Serentak
4 (8s + 4)(s+1)
+ 2
s (s + 1) s (s + 2) (4s+8)+(8s+4)(s+1)
X= = 2
2 + 2s (s + 1) 2s(s +s+1)(s+1)(s+2)
3 2
4s + 10s + 10s + 6 A B C
= 2
= + + +
s(s +s+1)(s+1)(s+2) s s+1 s+2
Ds + E
2
(s + 1/2) + 3/4

-t -2t -1/2t
x = A+Be +Ce +e [D cos √3/4t+(E-D/2)/√3/4 sin√3/4t]
 LATIHAN
Ganti a,b,c,d,e dengan angka yg berbeda-beda
4 3 2 4 3 2
as +bs +cs +ds+e as +bs +cs +ds+e
L L
-1 -1
2 2 2 2
(s-1)(s+2) (s -4s+8) (s+2)(s-2) (s +4s+13)
4 3 2 4 3 2
as +bs +cs +ds+e as +bs +cs +ds+e
L L
-1 -1
2 2 2 2
(s+1)(s-2) (s +2s+5) (s-3)(s-2) (s -2s+10)

2 -t
(D +2) x + D y = 2 sin t +3 cos t +5 e x0 = 2, dx0 = 0
2 -t
D x + (D -1) y = 3 cos t - 5 sin t - e y0 = -3, dy0 = 4

Variasikan soal-soal di atas.

 LATIHAN
4 3 2
-1 4 s 3 s 2 s 1 s 5 A(
L 2 2
(s -2 )(s 2 ) (s 2 s 10 )

-1 A B C Ds + E
L + + 2 + 2
s -2 s 2 (s 2 ) (s 1 ) 9

2t -2 t
= Ae + (B + Ct) e +
-1 t
e ( D cos 3 t + (E -1 D)/ 3 sin 3 t)
 LATIHAN
Suku kiri = suku kanan
2 -x x
1 (D + 2D + 5)y 12 e e sin 2x
2 y " - 5y ' + 6y 10 sin 3x
2 - 2x 2
3 (D + 4D + 5)y e sin x 8x
2 3x
4 (D + D - 12)y 50 cos 4x 4e
-x - 2x
5 y " + 3y ' + 2y 4e 4e
- 2x - 2x
6 y " + 4y ' + 8y e sin 2x e cos 2x
2 - 2x - 2x
7 (D + D - 2)y e sin 2x 4e
8 x " + 4x ' + 8x 20 cos 2t
2
9 (D + 2D - 3)y 20 sin 2t
 LATIHAN
1 S Diketahui : L(H) R(Ω) C(F) E(V)
E
i A 2 24 0,005 4 sin 3t
R L B 2 20 0,010 3 sin 2t
C C 2 12 0,020 5 sin 2t
(D2 + R/L D + 1/LC) Q = E/L
t = 0, I = dQ/dt = 0, Q = 0
2 3x
2 (D - 6D + 25) y = 6 e cos 4x syarat
2 -2x
3 (D + 4D + 5) y = 60 e sin x batas ≠ 0
2 x
4 (D - 2D + 10) y = 18 e cos 3x tentukan
2 5x
5 (D - 10D + 29) y = - 8 e sin 2x sendiri