Travel and Tourism

3rd and 4th unites

(Final Assignment)
FINAL ASSIGNMENT
Travel & Tourism
This assignment forms the final part of your syllabus
Please complete it within two weeks.
All submissions should be typed and printed on A4 papers and
properly bound.
A. Travel & Tourism Products
1. Identify a range of tourist attractions designed to meet each of the following
interests.
a) Outdoor pursuits (recreation)
b) History and Culture
c) Family entertainment
2. Identify 3 Tourist Destinations and describe these destinations by their
geographical features, seaside, rural, and urban tourism.
3. Explain the importance of geography to tourism.
4. Explain how health, political problems, safety or economic issues can affect
travel and tourism.
5. Identify a range of services which benefit tourists, a) before departure
b) while in transit and c) during their stay at the destination.
B. Different Types of Tourism
1. Explain the role that culture plays in attracting people to
tourist destinations.
2. Explain how visiting friends and relatives contributes to
tourism growth.
3. Explain how second home ownership contributes to
tourism growth
4. Explain how shopping and gastronomy contribute to
travel and tourism activities.
5. Explain the differences between business and leisure
tourism.
6. Describe the purposes of business travel and the
requirements of the business traveler.
7. Give examples of ways in which health concerns
encourage travel.
8. Give ways in which religious interests encourage travel.
9. Give ways in which sport encourages travel.
10. Explain the ways in which education can stimulate
demand for travel.
C. Working Roles in Travel and Tourism

1. Describe the skills and personal attributes needed by people

working in the
Travel and tourism industry.
2. Explain the main working roles of people employed in an airline.
3. Explain the main working roles of people employed in the
surface transport.
4. Describe the main working roles of people employed in providing
guiding and tour operator representative services for tourists.
5. Describe the main working roles of people employed in a hotel.
6. Describe the main working roles of people employed in a
catering company.
7. Describe the main working roles of people employed on cruise
ships.
8. Describe the main working roles of people employed in the
business of tour operating – creating and selling inclusive
holidays.
9. Describe the main working roles of people employed in the
business of retail travel – organizing and selling travel products,
including on the high street and the internet to both business and
 Different classes of travel
• A travel class is a quality of
accommodation on public transport.
The accommodation could be a seat or
a cabin for example. Higher travel
classes are more comfortable and more
expensive.
Economy class cabin
Business class cabin on long-haul flight
First class cabin
Airlines traditionally have three travel classes,
although many airlines are eliminating first class
from international flights and now offer business
class as the highest level of service:

• First Class, generally the most expensive and most comfortable

accommodations available.
• Business Class, high quality, traditionally purchased by
business travelers (sometimes called executive class)
• Premium Economy, slightly better Economy Class seating
(greater distance between rows of seats; the seats themselves
may or may not be wider than regular economy class)
• Economy Class (also known as coach class or travel class), basic
accommodation, commonly purchased by leisure travelers
First class codes
• F, A, P, R

Business class codes

• C, J, D, I, Z

Economy class codes

• Y, B, M, H , G, K, L, N, O, Q, S, T, U, V, W, X

Premium economy class codes:

• E, H, K, O, U, W, T
Trains
• Trains often have first class (the higher class)
• second class (known as standard class in the
UK).
• For trains with sleeping accommodation,
there may be more levels of luxury.

Cruise ships
• First Class
• Second Class
 Tourism geography
• Tourism Geography is the study of
travel and tourism, as an industry and
as a social and cultural activity.
Tourism geography covers a wide
range of interests including the
environmental impact of tourism, the
geographies of tourism and locations of
tourism.
 TOURISM
Leisure Business
1.Pleasure 1.Conventions
2.Relaxation, rest, recreational. 2.Conferences
(holiday, vocational, tourism) 3.Seminars
4.Meetings
Cultural tourism
Spiritual & religious tourism
Ethnic & family tourism
Sports & adventure tourism
Health tourism
Status & prestige
For the joy of traveling
Shopping
 Impacts of tourism
• Economic impact
• Environmental impact
• Social and cultural impact
 Economic impacts
Positive impacts
• Contributes to income and standard of living
• Improves local economy
• Increases employment opportunities
• Improves investment, development, and infrastructure
• Increases tax revenues
• Improves public utilities infrastructure
• Improves transport infrastructure
• Increases opportunities for shopping
• Creates new business opportunities
 Economic impacts
Negative impacts
• Increases price of goods and services
• Increases price of land and housing
• Increases cost of living
• Increases potential for imported labor
• Cost for additional infrastructure (water, sewer, power, fuel,
medical, etc.)
• Increases road maintenance and transportation systems costs
• Seasonal tourism creates high-risk, unemployment issues
• Competition for land with other economic uses
• Jobs may pay low wages
 Environmental impacts
Positive impacts
• Protection of selected natural environments
or prevention of further ecological decline
• Preservation of historic buildings and
monuments
• Improvement of the area’s appearance
• A "clean" industry (no smokestacks)
 Environmental impacts
Negative impacts
• Pollution (air, water, noise, and visual)
• Loss of natural landscape and agricultural lands to
tourism development
• Loss of open space
• Destruction (damage) of flora and fauna (including
collection of plants, animals, rocks, coral, etc..)
• Degradation (ruin) of landscape, historic sites, and
monuments
• Water shortages
• Introduction of exotic (foreign) species
• Disruption of wildlife breeding cycles and behaviors
 Social and Cultural
Positive impacts
• Improves quality of life
• Facilitates meeting visitors (educational experience)
• Positive changes in values and customs
• Promotes cultural exchange
• Improves understanding of different communities
• Preserves cultural identity of host population
• Increases demand for historical and cultural exhibits
• Greater tolerance of social differences
• Satisfaction of psychological needs
 Social and Cultural
Negative impacts
• Excessive drinking, alcoholism, gambling
• Increased underage (immature) drinking
• Crime, drugs, prostitution
• Language and cultural effects
• Unwanted lifestyle changes
• Displacement of residents for tourism
development
• Negative changes in values and customs
• Family disruption
 Secondary home ownership
Secondary home ownership is when a person
or family owns and maintains a second
piece of real estate, apart from their main
residence, for the purpose of occupying it,
often during vacations. Depending on their
purpose, second homes are sometimes called
cottages, vacation homes, or secondary
residences.
Gastronomy

Gastronomy is the study of the

relationship between culture and
food.
Personal qualities required for working in the
travel, tourism and hospitality industry.
• Ready smile
• Confidence
• Eye contact
• Good posture (pose)
• Good body language
• Pleasing personality
• Mingle with everyone
• Good communication skills
• Readiness in any situation
Personal qualities required for working in the
travel, tourism and hospitality industry.
• Being as self-sufficient as possible
• Having and making good use of common sense
• Being able to make up your mind and make a choice
• Being able to improvise (manage / cope)
• Being adoptable to a situation
• Remaining cool and calm
• Hoping for the best but preparing for the worst
• Have patience
• Being able to figure out other people
• Being aware and understand the environment
 Airline personnel and their working role
• Flight crews, responsible for the operation
of the aircraft. Flight crew members
include:
– Pilots
– Purser – (the Cabin Manager (chief
flight attendant) is often called the purser.)
– Flight attendants / cabin crews (led by a purser
on larger aircraft)
– In-flight security personnel on some airlines
 Airline personnel and their working role
• Ground crew, responsible for operations at airports. Ground crew
members include:
– Aerospace and avionics engineers - responsible for certifying the
aircraft for flight and management of aircraft
– Electric System technicians - responsible for maintenance of
electrical systems
– Flight dispatchers - communications personnel responsible for
receiving and transmitting pure and reliable messages
– Baggage handlers / Ramp Agents - a baggage handler is a person
who loads and unloads baggage
– Gate agents - work at the boarding gates of airports where
passengers board their flights and arriving planes drop off
passengers.
– Ticket agents
– Passenger service agents (such as airline lounge employees)
 Tour guide
• A tour guide (or tourist guide) provides
assistance, information and cultural,
historical and contemporary heritage
interpretation to people on organized tours,
individual clients, educational
establishments, at religious and historical
sites, museums, and at venues of other
significant interest.
 FRONT OFFICE
• Reservations.
• Reception.
• Information.
• Cashiers.
• Bell desk.
• Telephones.
 Housekeeping
• Executive Housekeeper
• Assistant Housekeeper
• Linen Room Supervisor
• Laundry Room Supervisor
• Public Area Supervisor
• Desk Control Supervisor
• Horticulture
• Floor Supervisor
• Room attendants
• Cloak room attendants
• Housemen
 Kitchen
• Executive Chef
• Sous chefs
• Station Chefs (chefs de partie)
– Saucier – sauce station
– Poissonier – fish station
– Rôtisseur – roast station
– Grillardin – grill station
– Friturier – fry station
– Entremetier – vegetable station
– Tournant – rounds man
– Garde-manger – pantry chef
– Boucher – butcher
– Pâtissier – pastry chef
• Communard – cooks for the staff
 Restaurant and Bar
• Hotel Restaurants
• Bars
• Stewarding section
• Catering section
• Room Service/In-Room Dining
 Cruise Ships
• Deck department - maintenance of the ship,
accommodation as well as the ship's life
saving and firefighting appliances
• Engine department - operate and maintain
the vessel and the sewage, lighting, air
conditioning and water systems.
• Hotel / Catering department
 Travel Agent
• Travel information and counseling to the tourists
• Itinerary preparation
• Reservation
• Ticketing
• Preparation and marketing of Tour packages
• Handling business meetings, conference and
conventions
• Insurance
 Tour Operator
• Market research
• Tour package formulation
• Assembling, processing and disseminating
information on destinations
• Liaison with principles
• Preparation of Itineraries
• Ground handling