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Etwork Heorems: Presented by Shashank Gupta

The document discusses several network theorems that can be used to simplify complex network problems. It describes superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, reciprocity theorem, compensation theorem, substitution theorem, Tellegen's theorem, and maximum power transfer theorem. These theorems allow reducing large networks into simpler equivalent networks and provide direct solutions to network problems in a simpler way than routine methods.

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Shashank Gupta
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72 views

Etwork Heorems: Presented by Shashank Gupta

The document discusses several network theorems that can be used to simplify complex network problems. It describes superposition theorem, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, reciprocity theorem, compensation theorem, substitution theorem, Tellegen's theorem, and maximum power transfer theorem. These theorems allow reducing large networks into simpler equivalent networks and provide direct solutions to network problems in a simpler way than routine methods.

Uploaded by

Shashank Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK THEOREMS

Presented by
Shashank Gupta
INTRODUCTION

 Network theorems gives the solution of network


problem in most direct and simple way.
 Routine methods may take long time and complex
computation.
 Also provides special insights to the network
behaviour.
 Easily reduce a large network into a simpler
network.
THEOREMS
 Superposition theorem
 Thevenin’s theorem

 Norton’s theorem

 Reciprocity theorem

 Milliman’s theorem

 Compensation theorem

 Substitution theorem

 Tellegen’s theorem

 Maximum power transfer theorem


SUPERPOSITION THEOREM

 In a linear bilateral network containing more


than one independent voltage and current
sources, the response in any element is the sum
of the responses obtained with one source acting
at a time, while the other sources being
deactivated.
COMMENTS:
 Deactivation means
Voltage source - short circuit
Current source - open circuit
 Dependent sources - as it is.

 Dealing with Differential equation approach,


superposition applicable to
(i) particular integral solution
(ii) total solution with zero initial condition.
 Superposition does not apply to power.
EXAMPLE
 Find 𝑣𝑐 𝑡 , given 𝑣𝑐 0− = 2 𝑉
𝑣𝑠 = 4 + cos 𝑡

Solution:
𝑑𝑣𝑐
RC + 𝑣𝑐 = 𝑣𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣𝑐
+ 𝑣𝑐 = 4 + cos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
1
(𝑣𝑐 )𝑃𝐼 = (4 + cos 𝑡) = 4 + 0.5 (cos t + sin t)
𝐷+1
(𝑣𝑐 )𝐶𝐹 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑡
(𝑣𝑐 )𝑡 = 4 + 0.5 (cos t + sin t) – 2.5𝑒 −𝑡
 Now using superposition approach,
PI CF total solu. using 𝑣𝑐 0− =2V

 4V -2𝑒 −𝑡 4 - 2𝑒 −𝑡

 0.5(cost+sint) 1.5𝑒 −𝑡 1.5𝑒 −𝑡 +0.5(cost+sint)

4+0.5(cost+sint) 4+0.5(cost+sin t) – 0.5𝑒 −𝑡

Here 𝑣𝑐 𝑡 comes as ,
𝑣𝑐 𝑡 = 4+0.5(cost+sin t) – 0.5𝑒 −𝑡
It is having initial value 𝑣𝑐 0 = 4𝑉. (This leads to incorrect
solution)
 To find the correct solution of such differential
equation -
 Replace the initial capacitor voltage by a
independent source & assuming the initial
conditions to be 0.
 Now, consider 3 independent

sources to find the response


with zero initial condition.
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
 A 2-terminal network containing linear and
bidirectional elements & independent sources is
equivalent to a simpler network containing an
independent voltage source 𝐸𝑡ℎ in series with the
resistance 𝑅𝑡ℎ .
NORTON’S THEOREM
 A 2-terminal network containing linear and
bidirectional elements & independent sources is
equivalent to a simpler network containing an
independent current source 𝐼𝑁 in parallel with
the resistance 𝑅𝑁 .
RECIPROCITY THEOREM
 In a linear bilateral single source network the
ratio of response to excitation remains the same
even when the positions of response and
excitation are interchanged.
COMPENSATION THEOREM
 In a linear network acted upon by independent
sources , if an impedance Z carrying current I is
changed to Z+dZ, then the incremental change
produced will be identical to those produced by a
voltage source IdZ in series with the impedance
Z+dZ in the network with all the independent
sources deactivated.
SUBSTITUTION THEOREM
 Any branch in a network may be substituted by a
different branch without disturbing the voltages
and current in the entire network, provided the
new branch has same set of terminal voltage &
current as the original network.
TELLENGEN’S THEOREM
 In any network, the sum of total instantaneous
power consumed by various elements in various
branches of a circuit is always equal to zero.
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM
 Load should receive maximum amount of power
from source.
 Maximum power transfer theorem states

 Load will receive maximum power from a


circuit when resistance of the load is exactly
the same as Thevenin’s (or Norton) equivalent
resistance of the circuit
THANK YOU

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