BIOSORBENT BASED SOLID ACID CATALYST
FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
GUIDED BY
PRESENTED BY
Dr. APARNA K
P.TEJASWI – B140753CH
Assistant professor
B.KARTHIK REDDY- B141001CH
CHED
V. HARIKA – B140509CH
National Institute of Technology
V. DIVYA – B140880CH
• CONTENTS:
1. Collection of Cassava Peel.
2. Preparation Of Nano Magnetic Material.
3. Optimizing Parameters Using Box-Behenken Method.
4. Characterization Of Biosorbent Before And After SO3H Incorporation.
5. Kinetic Studies of Biosorbent Catalyst.
6. Production Of Biodiesel Using Conventional Setup.
7. Physical Properties Of Biodiesel.
8. GCMS Analysis Of Biodiesel.
9. Optimization Of Yield % Vs Time Of Biodiesel.
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• COLLECTION OF CASSAVA PEEL:
• Cassava peel was collected, washed and dried for about 24hrs.
• Biochar from cassava peel was obtained by slow pyrolysis setup
• PREPARATION OF NANOMAGNETIC BIOSORBENT:
• Fe3O4 magnetic core nano particles were synthesised using co-precipitation method
which is further used for magnetising the biochar
• CP-Fe3O4 nano particles were obtained by ultrasonicating Biochar with Fe3O4 for 6
hours.
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RBBR DYE
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• PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
Biomass feed Proximate analysis (wt%)
stock
Moisture content Volatile matter Ash content Fixed carbon
Cassava peel (CP) 6.3 68.2 9.5 16
• OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS USING BOX-BEHENKEN METHOD
• Box-Behenken Surface methodology was used to optimize the dye
adsorption which gives a minimum number of 29 experiments
• 30 ppm dye concentration, 2 pH, 0.3 gram biosorbent dosage, 3.25 hours,
99.95% removal with desirability 1 is the optimum value obtained from this
method.
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• POINT ZERO CHARGE
• The point zero charge was found to be 5.9
• ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS
samples C% H% N% S% O%
CP 55.45 7.8 0.82 0.05 35.88
CP-Fe3O4 57.67 4.01 0.97 ND 37.35
CP-Fe3O4- 64.68 3.94 1.98 0.76 28.64
SO3H
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• SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)
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• BRUNAUER EMMETT TELLER ANALYSIS (BET)
Sample BET surface area(m2/g) Pore size(nm) Total pore
volume(cm3/g)
CP-Fe3O4 6.0774 37.413 0.056844
CP-Fe3O4-SO3H 5.0922 11.793 0.015013
• The specific surface area and pore size distribution of biosorbent were
measured that gives the rate of adsorption which is proportional to specific
surface area
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• X- RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION
• The XRD analysis as shown depicts that the peak at 35o indicates the presence of
Fe3O4 in both CP-Fe3O4-SO3H and CP-Fe3O4.
• A sharp narrow peak in 30o-500 confirms the presence of SO3H group
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• THERMOGRAVOMETRIC ANALYSIS
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• BIOSORPTION STUDIES
• Kinetic studies proved that the order of reaction is 2
• Isotherm studies proved that the adsorption is multilayer
• Thermodynamic studies proved the feasibility of adsorption
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• STABILITY OF CATALYST
• Stability test for catalyst was done in acidic, basic and neutral medium were
done
• Percentage desorption in acidic, basic and neutral medium are 0.066, 5, 1.92
percentage respectively
• Hence it proves its stability in oil-methanol mixture having its pH 4.9
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• CONVENTIONAL SETUP FOR BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
• Methanol and pongamia pinnata oil are taken in 9:1 molar ratio and 2 wt % of
catalyst was added. It is maintained at 85o for 2 hours in conventional setup.
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Cloud and pour point
Flash and fire point
Bomb calorimeter
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• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL AND PONGAMIA PINNATA OIL
Property Biodiesel Pongamia pinnata Oil
Saponification value 180 mg/KOH 140 mg/KOH
Flash point 210 ᵒC 239ᵒC
Fire point 225ᵒC 256 ᵒC
Cloud point -1 ᵒC 3.5 ᵒC
Pour point -6 ᵒC -3 ᵒC
Calorific value 3700 Kcal/KG 8742 Kcal/KG
Viscosity 5.14 mm2/s 45 mm2/s
Molecular weight 891 g/mol 938 g/mol
Density 0.860 gm/cc 0.924 gm/cc
Acid value 0.46 mg/KOH 5.40 mg/KOH
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• FTIR ANALYSIS
• Analysis for CP-Fe3O4 with peaks at wave number of 3365.8 cm-1 attributes to OH
bond stretching, 1561.8 cm-1 to ketonic groups and 1375 cm-1 to Carbaldehyde (CO)
groups from fig.a.
• The absorbance at 1181.6 cm-1 corresponds to SO3H stretching and absorbance at
1032.5cm-1 corresponds to O=S=O stretching in SO3H compounds in fig.b
• The absorbance peaks between 3000 and 2850 cm-1 represented the C–H vibrations
and between 725 and 700 cm-1 represented the C–H rock indicating the presence of
alkanes. C–H bending at 1000 and 650 cm-1 indicates alkenes in fig.c, fig.d
• They found that the ester peak for biodiesel was found at an absorbance peak of
1700–1800 cm-1 as shown fig.d
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FTIR ANALYSIS OF CASAVA PEEL AND BIOSORBENT
Fig.a
Fig.b
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FTIR ANALYSIS OF OIL AND BIODIESEL
Fig.c
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Fig.d
• GCMS
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• CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS WRT TIME
%yield vs time
90
80
70
60
50
%yield 40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
time (min)
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CONCLUSION
• SO3H groups were adsorbed on the magnetized biochar. FTIR, XRD, BET, elemental
analysis proved thatthe SO3H groups are adsorbed on CP-Fe3O4.
• Box-Beheken Response Surface Analysis was used to find the optimal conditions for
adsorption
• Order of the reaction was found to be 2, the adsorption taking place is multilayer and
it is feasible
• Solid acid catalyst was prepared and biodiesel is produced using conventional setup
• Physical property tests done for oil and methanol were comparable with literature
values
• FTIR analysis shows the presence of ester groups, confirms it is biodiesel
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