A Presentation
on Seminar Topic
USES OF GPS SATELLITE IN
CONSTRUCTION
By
Arpit Patel
Guide
Prof. Amol Pawar
Department of Civil Engineering,
STES’s RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Warje, Pune. 58
Contents
•INTRODUCTION
•WHY DO WE NEED GPS?
•HOW DOES THE GPS WORK?
•PARTS OF A GPS SYSTEM
•GPS APPLICATIONS
•CONCLUSION
•REFRENCES
INTRODUCTION
• GPS or Global Positioning System is a satellite
navigation system that furnishes location and
time information in all climate conditions to
the user.
• GPS is used for navigation in planes, ships,
cars and trucks also.
• The system gives critical abilities to military
and civilian users around the globe.
• GPS provides continuous real time, 3-
dimensional positioning, navigation and
timing worldwide.
WHY DO WE NEED GPS?
Trying to figure out where you are is probable man’s oldest
pastime.
Finally US Dept of Defense decided to form a worldwide
positioning system.
Also known as NAVSTAR ( Navigation Satellite Timing
and Ranging Global positioning system) provides
instantaneous position, velocity and time information.
HOW DOES THE GPS WORK?
Satellite navigation systems all work in broadly the same way.
There are three parts:
1. The network of satellites,
2. A control station somewhere on Earth that manages the satellites,
3. The receiving device you carry with you.
Each satellite is constantly beaming out a radio-wave
signal toward Earth. The receiver "listens out" for
these signals and, if it can pick up signals from three
or four different satellites, it can figure out your
precise location
The satellites stay in known positions and
the signals travel at the speed of light. Each
signal includes information about the
satellite it came from and a time-stamp that
says when it left the satellite. Since the
signals are radio waves, they must travel at
the speed of light. By noting when each
signal arrives, the receiver can figure out
how long it took to travel and how far it has
come—in other words, how far it is from the
sending satellite. With three or four signals,
the receiver can figure out exactly where it
is on Earth.
GPS APPLICATIONS
Surveying and Mapping.
Navigation.
Remote Sensing and GIS.
Geodesy.
Military.
Road Construction.
City Planning.
Road Construction
• GPS measurement technology has a wide range of application in road
construction. It is highly precise and efficient compare with
conventional measurement techniques. Global Navigation Satellite
System has an obvious advantage to accomplish different kinds of road
construction work. As few construction sites as possible, which are
finished as quickly as possible – that's what everyone who uses the
roads wants. Only if all operations at a construction site proceed
without trouble can this be attained. Because if processes are
reciprocally coordinated with precision, this enables the work to be
completed more quickly and with optimum results.
• The main usage of GPS application in road construction engineering
are their location function. It determines the three-dimensional
coordinates of a ground point by receiving satellite’s information. The
accuracy of GPS technology in road construction can be up to
centimeter-level, which can fully satisfy the requirements of road
detection, design, and construction. There are several common
applications in this fields.
Application in Road Construction Field
Control Measurement.
Making large scale topographic map.
Deformation observation.
Road centerline survey.
Control Measurement.
Conventional measurement methods are
influenced by many factors such as weather
and inter-visibility condition. And it’s time-
consuming and poorly precise. However, with
the help of GPS technology which build on
control network, the accuracy is improved.
Engineers can obtain high precise data all day
with high speed, which fully satisfy the control
measure requirement of super-large projects
such as bridge and tunnel construction.
Making large scale topographic map
With the development of GPS technology and aerial remote sensing
techniques in road construction field, GPS technology is used to
make large scale topographic maps. We know that the route
selection is based on a large scale map, which is an important pre-
work of road construction. Traditionally, engineers have to build
measure network at first, and then measure landform segment by
segment. Again, this is time-consuming and not efficient, and it
needs more laborers which is cost-ineffective. But now engineers
can make a large scale map easily with the help of dynamic real-
time GPS measurement. What they should do is just collect
positioning information by GPS receiver to configure a set of
scattered data, and the rest of the work can be done by computer
graphics software efficiently. The benefit of using GPS technology to
make maps is not only time-saving but also improves accuracy.
Deformation observation.
Dynamic real-time GPS deformation monitoring network can achieve
millimeter-level accuracy in deformation observation of road
construction. For examples, this technique is used in the cast situ beam
deformation observation, embankment settlement observation, and
tunnel construction deformation observation. Its accuracy is an order
magnitude great than traditional approach, which has a broad prospects.
For example, In order to study crustal deformation in the Taiwan-Luzon
region, the data from annual surveys are processed together with data
from 20 permanent stations in the Taiwan area and IGS stations in the
Asia-Pacific region. Finally researcher found that the Chinese continental
margin is moving in directions of 102°–112° with rates of 11–12 mm/yr
relative to stable Eurasia, and a remarkable fault slips of 17–31 mm/yr
across the Philippine fault system are detected with the help of GPS
observation.
Road centerline survey
During the road construction process, center
lines should be marked out on the actual
ground after selecting route on a large scale
topographic map. By using dynamic GPS
measurement technology, engineers just simply
enter the main point coordinates of the
midline to GPS receiver, then system will
automatically give the position to stake out
points. Because of the position of each
measurement points is independent, the
accuracy of each points is consistent and rarely
produce cumulative errors.
Advantages of using GPS
technology in road construction
1. GPS measurement has a very high accuracy. It works without the
limitations of environment and distance. And it can works on the area
with tough terrain.
2. GPSRTK technology revolutionize the mode of road measurement.
Real-time Kinematic measure technology can obtain real-time three-
dimensional coordinate of spatial location. This technique is very
suitable for the survey of route, bridge, and tunnel. It can be directly
on the ground to stakeout, and measure pile or point.
3. GPS measurement can greatly reduce labor intensity. And it also
reduced outside field workload. Generally, the operating efficiency of
GPS measurement is 3 times more than that of conventional
measurement methods.
4. GPS measurement can greatly improve the quality of work and
accuracy of results. It is not affected by human factors. The whole
operation is processed entirely by microelectronic technology,
computer control technology, and automatic recording,
preprocessing, and calculating.
City Planning
In city planning there are two major aspect evolved.
The first is city planning and economical development
and the second is regional services. City planning is
there to make the residence of a specific location
happier to live where they live by improving conditions
an developing the area. The people who do this use
GIS and GPS in doing so. Their goal is to make the
areas more economically viable, attractive and
environmentally friendly. This can be achieved by
promoting and guiding the spatial and physical
development of the city through integration, strategic,
development and regulatory frameworks.
Regional services sector of the city planning
make sure that there is enough services in
the area to sustain the population. This
requires some planning and knowledge. This
is where GIS and GPS comes in handy. These
systems can rework the data given and tell
the city planner where the services will be
most used and needed. This helps the process
of city planning along quite well. This is just
one example of many where GIS and GPS
have improved the title of city planning
along.
CONCLUSION
• There are currently more than 50 manufacturers of GPS
receivers, with the trend continuing to be towards
smaller, less expensive, and more easily operated devices.
• Barring significant new complications due to S/A
(Selective Availability) from DOD, the GPS industry is
likely to continue to develop in the civil community.
REFERENCES
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.academia.edu
Thank You
