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ARM Based Microcontrollers

This document discusses ARM Cortex-M3 microcontrollers and provides details about the ARM Cortex-M3 architecture. It describes the Harvard architecture, 3-stage pipelining, 32-bit registers, load-store model, exceptions, and operating modes of the Cortex-M3. It also discusses programming ARM Cortex-M3 microcontrollers using the LPC1769 and provides examples of configuring GPIO pins using registers like FIOxDIR, FIOxPIN, FIOxSET, and FIOxCLR.

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Navin Khatri
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195 views19 pages

ARM Based Microcontrollers

This document discusses ARM Cortex-M3 microcontrollers and provides details about the ARM Cortex-M3 architecture. It describes the Harvard architecture, 3-stage pipelining, 32-bit registers, load-store model, exceptions, and operating modes of the Cortex-M3. It also discusses programming ARM Cortex-M3 microcontrollers using the LPC1769 and provides examples of configuring GPIO pins using registers like FIOxDIR, FIOxPIN, FIOxSET, and FIOxCLR.

Uploaded by

Navin Khatri
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARM BASED

MICROCONTROLLERS
Review-2

PRESENTED BY :-
Navin Khatri(17BEE054)
Sandeep Nandaniya(17BEE053)
GUIDED BY :-
Prof. Dhara M. Mehta
Review-1 Recap...
• What are Microcontrollers?
• What is ARM?
• ARM Family Tree
• CORTEX -M: CORE+ Peripherals
• ARM Microcontroller Manufacturers
• LPC1769 32-bit Cortex-M3 Microcontroller
• Harvard Architecture vs Von Neumann Architecture
Why to choose ARM CORTEX-M3?

Main Focus
ARM Core Architecture

● Harvard architecture (separate command and data bus)


● 3 stage Pipelining (Fetch-Decode-Execute)
● 32-bit register
● 32-bit data bus
● 32-bit address bus (4 GB address space)
● 32-bit memory transfer
● RISC Instruction Set
● 32-bit and 16-bit Instruction sets
Cortex-M3 Block Diagram
ARM Cortex-M3 Pipelining
Cortex-M3 Operating Modes
Exceptions
• Internal – Memory Protection Fault
• External – Bus error
• Synchronous – SVC instruction
• Asynchronous – Timer Interrupt
32-bit Registors
• RISC processors are heavily based on Registers. Where the CISC
processors works most of the time on memory.
• CISC processor,
• For example, in 8086 having 4 usable 16-bit Registers.
• RISC processor,
• For example, in ARM v7 there are 37 number of 32-bit Registers.
• From which 16 are available at a time.
Load-Store Model
• Performing any operation on the registers instead of memory

• 3 stages

• Stage-1 : Load the data to registers from memory.


• Stage-2 : Perform calculation on registers.
• Stage-3 : Store the output data to the memory.
LPC1769 Features
• ARM cortex-M3 processor, running at frequency of 120 MHz.
• A Memory Protection Unit supporting 8 regions is included.
• Built in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller(NVIC).
• Enhanced flash memory accelerator enables high speed 120 MHz
operation with zero wait states.
• Multiple peripheral like : 4 UARTs, 2 CAN channels, 2 SSP Controllers,
SPI interface, 3 I2C-bus interfaces, 2-input plus 2- output I2S-bus
interface, 8 channel 12-bit ADC, 10-bit DAC, 6 output PWM, 4 Timers.
• It is also having GPIO pins.
Programming in Real world
• Prerequirement:
• LPC1769 microcontroller
• USB LPC2xxx and P89xxx Programmer ========>
• Installed Keil μvision5 IDE
• Installed Flash Magic used for programming

• Data structures that we have used here are defined in LPC17xx.h and
LPC17xx_1.h header file. These header files are based on CMSIS(Cortex
Microcontroller System Interface Standard) developed by ARM.
Programming in LPC1769
• GPIO(General Purpose Input Output)

• 70 pins of GPIO

• PORT0 (0 - 30) excluding 12, 13, 14


• PORT1 (0 - 31) excluding 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13
• PORT2 (0 - 13)
• PORT3 (25 - 26)
• PORT4 (28 - 29)
• Here PORT0 can also be written as P0, similarly P1, P2, P3, P4 are written
instead of PORT1, PORT2, PORT3, PORT4.
Fast GPIO(FIO)
• FIODIR: Configures the pin as Input or Output.

• FIOPIN: Used to Store the State of Perticular Pin.

• FIOSET: Set the pin as Logic level 1 (High).

• FIOCLR: Reset the pin as Logic Level 0 (Low).


FIOxDIR
• Fast GPIO Direction PORTx control bits. Bit 0 in FIOxDIR controls pin
Px.0, bit 31 in FIOxDIR controls pin Px.31.
• FIO0DIR, FIO1DIR, FIO2DIR, FIO3DIR, FIO4DIR.
• Controlled pin is at Input has value 0.
• Controlled pin is at Output has value 1.
• for example, If we want to configure P0.15 as output, then we have to
write as written below
FIO0DIR = 0b00000000000000000100000000000000 ; //IN Binary
// or
FIO0DIR = 0x00000080 ; //IN Hexadecimal
FIOxPIN
• This Register will give the Logic Level value of that perticular pin
regardless of whether the pin is configured for input or output.
• Here, The data type Word is devided into 4 bytes.
• for PORT0: FIO0PIN0, FIO0PIN1, FIO0PIN2, FIO0PIN3
• for PORT1: FIO1PIN0, FIO1PIN1, FIO1PIN2, FIO1PIN3
• for PORT2: FIO2PIN0, FIO2PIN1, FIO2PIN2, FIO2PIN3
• for PORT3: FIO3PIN0, FIO3PIN1, FIO3PIN2, FIO3PIN3
• for PORT4: FIO4PIN0, FIO4PIN1, FIO4PIN2, FIO4PIN3
• for example, If we want to read the P0.3, then we have to write as
written below
int Pin0_3;
Pin0_3 = ((FIO0PIN0>>3)&0x01);
FIOxSET
• Fast GPIO output value Set bits. Bit 0 in FIOxSET controls pin Px.0, bit 31 in
FIOxSET controls pin Px.31.
• FIO0SET, FIO1SET, FIO2SET, FIO3SET, FIO4SET
• for example, If we want to Set the P1.23 then we can write as below:
FIO1SET |= (1<<(23)) ; //or
FIO1SET |= 1<<(0b00000000100000000000000000000000) ; //or
FIO1SET |= 1<<(0x00800000) ;

• Here, It is neccesary to declare the pin as output before execution of above


statements in program
FIOxCLR
• Fast GPIO output value Clear bits. Bit 0 in FIOxCLR controls pin Px.0, bit 31 in
FIOxCLR controls pin Px.31.
• FIO0CLR, FIO1CLR, FIO2CLR, FIO3CLR, FIO4CLR
• for example, If we want to clear the P1.23 then we can write as below:
FIO1CLR |= (1<<(23)) ; // Decimal
//or
FIO1SET |= 1<<(0b00000000100000000000000000000000) ; //Binary
//or
FIO1SET |= 1<<(0x00800000) ; //Hexadecimal

• Here, It is neccesary to declare the pin as output before execution of above


statements in program
Blinking LED program
#include<LPC17xx.h>
#include"LPC17xx_1.h"
void delay(void);
int main(void)
{ FIO0DIR = 0x00800000 ; // Configure the pin on Port 0 as Output
while(1)
{ FIO1SET |= (1<<(23)) // Turn on LEDs
delay();
FIO1CLR |= (1<<(23)) // Turn them off
delay(); }
}

• Assume that LED is connected between P1.23 and ground

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