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Flow Through Pipes: Departmentofcivilengineering Presidency University, Bangalore-64 BY Santhosh M B Asstistant Professor

K values for various pipe fittings are given below: 1. Sudden enlargement - 0.5 2. Sudden contraction - 1.0 3. 900 elbow - 1.5 4. 450 elbow - 1.0 5. Tee or cross - 0.3 6. Gate valve slightly open - 2.0 7. Globe valve slightly open - 4.0 Problem: Find the loss of head in a 900 elbow in a 300 mm pipe carrying water at 3 m/sec. Take K for 900 elbow as 1.5 Answer: Loss of head = 4.5 m

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126 views15 pages

Flow Through Pipes: Departmentofcivilengineering Presidency University, Bangalore-64 BY Santhosh M B Asstistant Professor

K values for various pipe fittings are given below: 1. Sudden enlargement - 0.5 2. Sudden contraction - 1.0 3. 900 elbow - 1.5 4. 450 elbow - 1.0 5. Tee or cross - 0.3 6. Gate valve slightly open - 2.0 7. Globe valve slightly open - 4.0 Problem: Find the loss of head in a 900 elbow in a 300 mm pipe carrying water at 3 m/sec. Take K for 900 elbow as 1.5 Answer: Loss of head = 4.5 m

Uploaded by

SanthoshMBSanthu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Flow through pipes

D EPA RTM EN T OF CIV IL EN GINEER ING


PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY, BANGALORE-64
BY
SANTHOSH M B
ASSTISTANT PROFESSOR

Course: CE F212 Transport Phenomena 3 0 3 CE A 207 Transport Phenomena


PIPE FLOW
INTRODUCTION
A pipe is a closed conduit carrying a fluid under pressure. Fluid
motion in a pipe is subjected to a certain resistance. Such a
resistance is assumed to be due to Friction. Mainly due to the
viscous property of the fluid.

Losses in Pipe Flow


When a fluid is flowing through a pipe , the fluid experience
some resistance due to which some of the energy of fluid is lost .
This loss of energy is classified as : Major losses and minor
losses.
Losses in pipe flow can be two types viz:-
a)Major Loss
b)Minor Loss
a)Major Loss: As the name itself indicates, this is the largest of
the losses in a pipe.
This loss occurs due to friction only. Hence, it is known as head
loss due to friction (hf)
b)Minor Loss: Minor losses in a pipe occurs due to change in
magnitude or direction of
flow.
Minor losses are classified as (i) Entry Loss, (ii) Exit loss, (iii)
Sudden expansion loss (iv) Sudden contraction loss (v) Losses
due to bends & pipe fittings.
a)Major Loss: Head loss due to friction (hf)

hf
Minor losses

Sudden Contraction
Sudden Expansion
Minor losses
Problems: Find the head loss due to friction in a pipe of
diameter 300 mm and length 50 m, through which water
is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s using 1) Darcy formula 2)
Chezy’s formula for which C = 60. Take kinematic
viscosity (ϑ) for water = 0.01 stoke

Darcy formula head loss = 0.7828 m


Chezy’s formula = 1.665 m.
Problem: Find the diameter of a pipe of length
2000 m when the rate of flow of water through
the pipe is 200 litres/s and the head loss due to
friction is 4 m . Take C = 50 in chezy’s formula.

Answer : D = 553 mm or 0.553 m.


Problem: A crude oil of kinematic viscosity 0.4 stoke is flowing through a pipe of
diameter 300 mm at the rate of 300 litres/sec. Find the head loss due to friction
for a length of 50 m of the pipe.

Answer: Head loss = 3.61 m


Problem: An oil of sp.gr. 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the
rate of 500 litres/s. Find the head lost due to friction and also power required to
maintain the flow for a length of 1000 m. Take ϑ = 0.29 stokes.
Minor losses
Loss of head due to sudden enlargement

He = ( V1- v2)2/2g
Problem: Find the loss of head when a pipe of diameter 200 mm is suddenly
enlarged to a diameter of 400 mm . The rate of flow of water through the
pipe is 250 litres/sec

Answer: he = 1.816 m
Minor losses
Loss of head due to bend in pipe.

Hb = KV2/2g

Where Hb = loss of head due to bend.


V = Velocity of flow
K = Co-effiecient of bend
Minor losses
Loss of head in various pipe fittings

HF = KV2/2g

Where HF = loss of head due pipe fittings.


V = Velocity of flow
K = Co-effiecient of pipe fitting.

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