NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

Mrs. Namita Batra Guin

Asst. Professor
 Introduction
• 16% of the world’s population is Indian, occupying 2.4% of the total
globe’s land area.
• Every 6th person on the globe is an Indian, and by turn of the
century, every 5th person on the planet will become Indian.
• India adds one Australia every eight months
• By 2045, India will overtake China, if current rates persists.
• 49% of the Indian population comes from 4 states- Bihar, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
• India adds about 10lakh persons to its population every fortnight.
 Population Explosion
• A phenomenon of the size of a population
tending to a very large number in a finite
interval of time is called as population
explosion.
 Causes of Population
Explosion
• Widening gap between birth rate and death rate
• Low age at marriage
• Unfavorable religious attitude towards family planning
• Gender differences
• Socio-economic status of the family particularly status of the women in
decision making
• Importance of male child
• Lack of information
• Lack of choice of contraceptives
• Poor services of family planning
• Poverty
 EFFECTS of Population
Explosion
• Living standards of the population- homeless, unsafe drinking water,
illiterate, underweight, malnourished, overcrowded house etc.
• Rise in crime and violence
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Famine- lack of cooking fuel, food.
• Lack of facilities
• Poor sanitation services
• Environmental degradation
• Deforestation
 REASONS FOR FAILURE TO CONTROLPopulation
Explosion
• Lack of political commitment
• Lack of people participation
• Lack of quality health services
• Lack of education
• Lack of overall development
• Lack of appropriate technology
• Lack of transparent administration
• Lack of women empowerment
 MILESTONES POPULATION POLICY 2000
• 1948- Bhore committee
• 1952- family planning program
• 1976- statement of population policy
• 1977- policy statement on family welfare program
• 1983- NHP, with a goal of NRR=1
• 1991- National development council appointed a Committee on population
• 1993- Dr. MS Swaminathan report on National population was submitted
• 1997- draft of NPP was approved by the cabinet, but could not be placed in both the
houses.
• 1999- another draft of the policy was finalised which was later approved and
launched as NPP2000.
 OBJECTIVES OF NPP 2000
• Immediate Objectives
• To meet the unmet need of contraception
• Strengthening the health infrastructure
• Strengthening the health personnel
• Promote integrated services delivery for basic RCH care.
• Mid Term Objectives
• To bring TFR to the replacement level 2 by 2010
• Long Term Objectives
• Stabilize the population by 2045
 Socio- demographic goals OF NPP
2000
• Address to the unmet needs for basic RCH services, supplies and infrastructure.
• Make school education compulsory up to age of 14years.
• Reduce IMR 30/1000 live births
• Reduce MMR less than 1 per 1000 live births
• Achieve universal immunization against all VPD’s.
• Marriage age for girls 18years but preferable 20 years.
• Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100% by the trained personnel
• Achieve 100% registration of vital events.
• Prevention and control of communicable diseases
• Promote small family norm to achieve TFR of 2.1.
• Integration of ISM in provision of RCH services.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Decentralized planning and program and
implementation
73rd and 74th amendments in the constitution
made health, family welfare and education a
responsibility of village Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRI). 33% of the PRI seats are
reserved for women.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Conversion of service delivery at village level
• Extension of the basic RCH services through mobile
clinics.
• Involvement of voluntary and non-govt. sectors.
• 2 TBA per village is required.
• Equipped maternity hut in each village should be set
up to serve as a delivery room with functioning
midwifery kits, essential medicine and supplies for
maternal and newborn care.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Empowering women for improved health and
nutrition
• Problems can be mitigated through low cost interventions
designed for low income settings.
• Voluntary non-govt. sector and private sector to actively
collaborate with community and govt. through specific
commitments in the areas of basic education.
• Programs like oral rehydration, immunization, child survival
etc. integrated into Reproductive and child health program.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Child survival and child health
• Priority to intensified neonatal care.
• National Technical Committee to set up, consisting of
consultants in Obstetrics, pediatrics, family health,
medical research and biostatistician.
• Improving the education for all perinatal health care
providers.
• Baby friendly hospital initiative (BFHI), to be extended
to all hospitals and clinics up to the sub centers.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Meeting the unmet needs for the Family Welfare
Services
• strengthen the infrastructure at village, sub center
and primary health center
• Improve the facilities for referral transportation
• Encourage and strengthen local initiatives for
ambulance services at village and block levels
• Increase innovative social marketing schemes
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Urban slums- basic and primary health care services
need to be provided.
• Coordination with municipal bodies of water,
sanitation etc.
• Campaigning regarding secondary and tertiary facilities
available
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Tribal communities, hill areas and migrant
population- special attention on RCH services, basic
health.
• Provision for mobile clinics
• Information and counseling on infertility and regular
supply of standardized medication.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Adolescent- programs related to education and
delayed marriage should be encouraged.
• RCH services should be provided to adolescent girls
and boys of rural India.
• Enforcement of the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Increased participation of men in planned
parenthood- active involvement of men for planning
families, supporting contraceptive use etc. should be
encouraged
• Re-popularization of the vasectomies- NSV, as safe and
simplest methods.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Diverse health care provider
• Private practitioners need to be accredited and
assigned with defined beneficiary groups.
• Need to revive system of licensed medical
practitioners.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Collaboration with and commitments from
private agencies and NGOs:
• Mobilize the private sector to serve public health
goals.
• Issues related to PPP should be addressed
carefully.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Involvement of ISM in RCH services
• ISM&H should be utilized in basic RCH service delivery.
• Optimize utilization of locally based remedies and
cures and promote low cost health care.
• Guidelines to ensure standardization, efficacy and
safety of ISM&H drugs for wider entry into national
markets.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Contraceptive technology and research in RCH:
• ISMH academic and research institutions to be
engaged in the social, demographic and behavioral
research.
• Population research centers need to be revitalized and
strengthened.
• Strengthening of MIS.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Information, education and communication
• Massive campaigns on population related issues to
be undertaken.
• Doctors, vaidyas, hakims, nurses, local midwives,
women’s organization, youth organization and
popular stars can be utilized for the campaigns.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Legislation
• 42nd Constitutional amendment allows seats of
both the houses to be frozen on the basis of 1971
census till 2026.
• It is a disincentive for poor performing states like
U.P. and M.P etc.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• NEW STRUCTURE
• National level: National Commission on Population,
to be chaired by PM and all chief ministers.
• State level: State level commission on population.
Coordination cell for intersectoral coordination and
technology support for designing and monitoring
projects at state level.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Promotional an motivational measures for adoption of small family norm
• Panchayats and Zila parishads to be awarded for best performances
• Balika Samridhi Yojana provide cash incentive Rs.500 at birth of a girl child of
birth order 1 or 2.
• Maternity benefit scheme provide cash incentive to mothers who have their
first child after 19yrs of age.
• Couples of BPL families to be rewarded for their active involvement in family
planning.
• Village level self help groups will be set up.
• Innovated social marketing schemes will be promoted.
• Ambulance services at village level will be strengthened.
• Increased vocational training for girls
• Strict enforcement of PNDT Act, 1994.
 STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Implementation
• Empowered Action Group has been constituted under the
chairmanship of Union Minister of health and family welfare.
• National Commission of population has been constituted and many
state commission on the same lines have been established in many
states.
• State population policies have been formulated in many states.
 Jansankhya Sthiratha Kosh
• National population stabilization fund was renamed and registered as
JSK in June 2003.
• Objective is the attainment of the goals of NPP 2000
• Fund supports the programs, projects, schemes, initiatives and
innovative ideas designed by Govt., NGO’s etc.
• General body of JSK is chaired by the Minister of health and family
welfare, while Governing Board is chaired by the Secretary (H&FW)