IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST

BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL.

IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
(CE-402)
Lecture # 1

Prepared by:
Engr. Ateeq-ur-Rauf
 OVERVIEW Lecture # 1

 Student Teacher Introduction

 Schedule
 Course Outline
 Reference Materials
 Grading
 Learning Objectives
 Introduction to Irrigation Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering, UET, Peshawar

Ateeq ur Rauf ( Bannu Campus) 3
ABOUT YOUR INSTRUCTOR Lecture # 1

Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
UET, Peshawar( Bannu Campus)

• B.Sc. (Civil Eng.)

UET, Peshawar

• M.Phil. (Water Resources Eng.)

UET, Lahore

• Ph.D. (Water Resources Eng.)

UET, Taxila. (Degree Awaiting)
Experience: Teaching & Engineering Projects Supervision

Contact Information
Email: bhaisahib13@gmail.com
Cell: 0300-598-2097
Office: 0928-610-808

Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 4

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
 YOUR TURN Lecture # 1

• Please introduce yourself

• Your name

• Your GPA

Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 5

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
SCHEDULE Lecture # 1

6
 SCHEDULE Lecture # 1

Day/ 8:00-8:50 8:50- 10:00- 10:50- 11:40- 12:30-

time 9:40 10:50 11:40 12:30 1:20
Mon

CE-402, CE-402, CE-402,

Tue
Sec-C Sec-C Sec-B

CE-402, CE-402,
Wed
Sec-B Sec- B

CE-402, CE-402, CE-402, CE-402,

Thu Sec-C
Sec - A Sec - A Sec-A
7
Department of Civil Engineering, UET,
Ateeq ur Rauf
Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
 REFERENCE MATERIALS Lecture # 1

Text Book:
Dr. B.C.Punmia, “ Irrigation & Water Power Engineering”
Dr. S.K.Garg, “ Irrigation Engineering”
Sharma R.K. and T.R. Sharma, “Irrigation and Drainage,
Vol –I to V”
Reference Book:
Dr. Iqbal Ali, “ Irrigation & Hydraulic Structures Theory
Design & Practice”
Justin.J.D.Hinds J and Creager W.P. “Engineering for Dam
II and III volume”
Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 8
Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
CE-402 COURSE OUTLINE Lecture # 1

Hard Copy Will Be Provided

Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 9

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
 GRADING Lecture # 1

 25% Sessional Marks

 Quizzes = 15%
 Assignments = 10%
Late homework will not be accepted or graded
 25% Mid-Term Exam
 50% Final Exam

Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 10

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Lecture # 1

 Introduction to water supply systems

 Recognize, analyze, and solve the problems

associated with different Irrigation/Hydraulic
structures.

 Apply the theoretical knowledge of irrigation

structures to real world problems and projects.

 Benefit from the instructor's practical experience

(real-world perspective).

Ateeq ur Rauf Department of Civil Engineering, UET, 11

Peshawar(Bannu Campus)
Irrigation Engineering

Lecture # 2
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

IRRIGATION
“ The artificial application of water to the root zone
of the crop at right time and in required quantity for
the optimum growth of agricultural crops so as to get
more crops per unit of water used”.
Or

“ An art of application of water to the crop ,

throughout the crop period according to crop
requirement for full nourishment of plants
 Sources of Moisture for Plant
Growth :
There are three resources of moisture,
1.Rainfall 2.Surface Water 3.Ground Water
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

World’s Water Resources

Total Water on Earth 1.36x108 M ha m

Ocean salt water 97.2%

Fresh Water 2.8%

Surface water 2.2%

Glaciers & Ice ___ 2.15%
Lakes & Streams.. 0.01%
Other forms .. 0.04%

Ground water 0.6%

Renewable G.W.. 0.25%
Total Available Freshwater 0.3%
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Basic facts about surface water
 Total water available in planet earth is constant

 The fresh water available on earth is less than 1%

away from poles

 The major source of water supply to surface water

remains to be rain fall

 Rain fall is not evenly distributed in quantity, space

and time
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Basic facts about ground water

 Ground water occurs below the surface of earth

 Ground water is not evenly distributed in quantity,

space and time

 Power operated water lifting devices are required to

bring ground water to surface

 It is impossible to provide power to irrigate entire

cultivable area with ground water
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Water Resources
 Rainfall(mean)
in Pakistan
( occurs directly on the crops)
Lower Indus Region = less than 4 inches
Northern foot hills = more than 30 inches
Used as direct irrigation = 1 - 17 inches(6 MAF)/annum

 Surface Water ( from rivers and storage reservoirs)

Total mean river discharge = 142 MAF/annum
Discharged to Sea = 42 MAF/annum
Required discharge = 202 MAF/annum

 Ground Water ( from aquifers i.e. wells, tube wells)

Surface water lost in infiltration forms ground water aquifers/
reservoirs
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Indus Basin Treaty/Water accord
 Dispute b/w India & Pakistan over sharing of Indus valley
river flows( resolved in 1960 by World Bank)

 India was given exclusive use of three Eastern Rivers ( Ravi,

Beas & Sutlej)

 Western Rivers ( Chenab, Jhelum & Indus ) were left to

Pakistan.

 Network of 2 storage dams, 8 inter-river link canal & 6

barrages were constructed in Pakistan under the Treaty to
transfer the water to Eastern rivers.
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Water Budget of Pakistan

 Water Budget: It reflects the relationship between
input and output of water through a region.

 It is an accounting of the inflow, outflow and storage

of water in a designated hydrologic system.

 Water Budget of Pakistan: (Already studded in Hydrology

and Water Management course) Home Assignment
( Reference: Irrigation & Hydraulic Structures Theory Design & Practice by Dr. Iqbal Ali)
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Phases of Irrigation Engineering :
There are four stages of Irrigation Engineering,

1.Storage (Dams, Reservoirs) or Diversion (Barrages)

2.Conveyance of irrigation water (Canals)

3.Distribution (water courses ) and Application

4.Drainage of excessive water through drains

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Components of the Irrigation System
The main components of an irrigation system are
listed below,
1. Dam /Diversion Head Work(Barrage)
2. Canal Head regulator
3. Main canal
4. Branch Canal
5. Distributory canal
6. Minor canal
7. Water course (W.C)
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
1. Main intake structure and pumping station
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Dam
• Barrage

Annual flow of the

rivers is 142 MAF
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
1. Main intake structure and pumping station

Tube well Barrage

Annual water flow is 33 MAF
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
2. Conveyance and distribution system
• Canals
• Distributaries
• Minor
• Field water course
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
2. Conveyance and distribution system
Canals

Irrigation canal Link Canal

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
2. Conveyance and distribution system
Distributaries and minors
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
2. Conveyance and distribution system
• Distributaries
• Field water
course
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Necessity of Irrigation :
(a) Insufficient Rainfall

(b) Uneven Distribution of Rainfall

( c )Improvement of Perennial Crops

(d) Development of Agriculture in Desert Area

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Objectives of irrigation
 To Supply Water Partially or Totally for Crop Need

 To Cool both the Soil and the Plant

 To Leach Excess Salts

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Objectives of irrigation
 To improve Groundwater storage

 To Facilitate continuous cropping

 To Enhance Fertilizer Application- Fertigation

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Merits of Irrigation
 Stabilized Yield of Crops

 Protection from Famine

 Improvement of Cash Crops

 Prosperity of Farmers
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Merits of Irrigation Cont…

 Source of revenue

 Navigation

 Hydroelectric Power Generation.

 Water Supply

 General Communication
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation

Demerits of Irrigation
 Rising of Water Table

 Formation of Marshy Land

 Dampness in Weather

 Loss of Valuable Lands

 Depletion of underground aquifers

 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
Problems in irrigation
 Competition for surface water rights.

 Depletion of underground aquifers.

 Buildup of toxic salts on soil surface in areas of high

evaporation.

 Over irrigation because of poor distribution,

uniformity or management of wastes water, chemicals,
and it may lead to water pollution.
 Lecture # 2
Irrigation
ROLE OF IRRIGATION IN COUNTRY
DEVELOPMENT
 Contribution of irrigation to agricultural productivity.

 Helps in welfare improvements like employment

opportunities.

 A prospect of trade like Export of various crops to

other countries.

 Reduces health and poverty lessening issues.