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Types of Claims

The document outlines 3 types of claims: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact make statements about objective existence, definitions, or causal relationships and require sufficient grounds and a distinction between facts and inferences. Claims of value make judgments about what is good or bad and require establishing standards of evaluation. Claims of policy propose actions that should be taken and require clarifying the proposed action, justifying the need, outlining a workable plan, considering benefits and disadvantages, and addressing opposition.

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Gianne Guias
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79 views6 pages

Types of Claims

The document outlines 3 types of claims: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact make statements about objective existence, definitions, or causal relationships and require sufficient grounds and a distinction between facts and inferences. Claims of value make judgments about what is good or bad and require establishing standards of evaluation. Claims of policy propose actions that should be taken and require clarifying the proposed action, justifying the need, outlining a workable plan, considering benefits and disadvantages, and addressing opposition.

Uploaded by

Gianne Guias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Claims

1. Claims of Fact
Existence of something / definition or classification

Types of factual claims (generally "objective")


1.Factual / historical
2.Relational - causal connections
3. Predictive
Proof requires:
1. Sufficient and appropriate grounds
1.reliable authority
2.recent data
3.accurate, typical data
4.clearly defined terms
2. A clear distinction between fact and inference.
2. Claims of Value

(Taste & morals / good-bad) [make value judgments/


resolve conflict between values/ quasi policy (rightness of it;
relative merit)
Proof requires:
1. Establishing standards of evaluation (i.e. a warrant
that defines what constitutes instances of the
relevant value)
2. Note the priority of the value in this instance.
3. Establish the advantage (practical or moral) of your
standards.
4. Use examples to clarify abstract values
5. Use credible authorities for support.
3. Claims of Policy
(Action / should or ought) - usually involves sub-claims
of fact and value

Proof requires:
1. Making proposed action clear
2. Need (justification)
3. Plan, (must be workable)
4. Benefit (advantages)
5. Consider opposition / counter arguments

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