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Information Systems and Management

An information system is a set of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data to provide information and feedback. It includes people, hardware, software, networks, and data. Data are raw facts while information is organized data that has additional meaning. Processes transform data into information through defining relationships. The value of information depends on how it helps decision making. Information systems support transaction processing, decision making, workgroups, executives, data management, and communication within organizations.

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Vinayak Ashok Bharadi
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65 views39 pages

Information Systems and Management

An information system is a set of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data to provide information and feedback. It includes people, hardware, software, networks, and data. Data are raw facts while information is organized data that has additional meaning. Processes transform data into information through defining relationships. The value of information depends on how it helps decision making. Information systems support transaction processing, decision making, workgroups, executives, data management, and communication within organizations.

Uploaded by

Vinayak Ashok Bharadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Overview

Information Systems and


Management
An Introduction to Information Systems
Information System:

An information system is a set of interrelated components that


collect, manipulate, store data and disseminate information and
provide a feedback mechanism to monitor performance.
What is an Information System?

An organized combination of
people, hardware, software,
communications networks, and
data resources that collects data,
transforms it, and disseminates
information.
Data Vs. Information
Data: Raw unorganized facts
Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a way that
they have additional value beyond the value of the facts
themselves.

Defining and organizing relationships among data creates


information.
Information Concepts
Process:
A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a
defined outcome.

Knowledge:
An awareness and understanding of a set of
information and ways that information can be made
useful to support a specific task or reach a decision
The Value of Information

The value of Information is directly linked to


how it helps decision makers achieve their
organization’s goals.
System

A system is a set of elements or


components that interact to
accomplish goals.
CBIS
Hardware:
Computer Equipment

Software:
Computer Programs

Databases:
An organized collections of facts
CBIS
Telecommunications:
Electronic transmission of signals for communication

 Networks: Distant electronic communication


 Internet: Interconnected Networks
 Intranet: Internal Corporate Network
 Extranet: Linked Intranets
CBIS
People

Procedures:
Strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS.
Business Information
Systems
Electronic and Mobile Commerce
E-Commerce:
Any business transaction executed
electronically

M-Commerce:
Transactions conducted anywhere, anytime

Relies on wireless communications


TPS and ERP
• Transaction
– business related exchange
– Evidence of a business event
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)
– A system which records completed business transactions
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
– A set of integrated programs for managing the entire business
operations
Business Information Systems
Management Information System:
A system used to provide routine information to
managers and decision makers

Decision Support System:


A system used to support problem- specific decision
making
Specialized Business I.S.
Artificial Intelligence (AI):

A field in which the computer takes on


the characteristics of human intelligence
Expert System:
A system that gives a computer the
ability to make suggestions and act like
an expert in a particular field.

Knowledge Base:
The collection of data, rules,
procedures, and relationships that
must be followed to achieve value or
the proper outcome.
Virtual Reality:

The simulation of a real or


imagined environment that can be
experienced visually in three
dimensions
Systems Development
Systems Development:

The activity of creating or modifying


existing business information systems
Systems Investigation
and Analysis

Understand the problem


and potential solutions
Systems Design,
Implementation,
Maintenance and Review

 Determine how the new system will


meet business needs
 Put the new system into operation
 Ensure the system continues to
meet changing business needs
Information Systems in Society

Security, Privacy, Ethical Issues in


Information Systems and the Internet.
Computer Literacy:

Knowledge of computer systems and equipment


and the ways they function
General Information Systems Diagram
Management
Decisions
(Environment)

Data Input Process Output Information

Control

Feedback
Data:
Raw unorganized facts

Information:
Data organized in a meaningful
way for the user (in consideration of
the environment)
Informal Information System

Each organization has a unique culture, or


fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways
of doing things, that has been accepted by most of
its members
Environment:
• Business - other functional areas
• Computer – hardware, software, other IS

Sub System:
Component of a larger system

System Boundary:
Interaction with environment (user or
other system) via an interface
Information System
Activities

1. Input of Data Resources


2. Process Data into Information
3. Output of Information
Input of Data Resources
• Data entry
• Editing
• Machine readable
• Source documents
– Formal record of a transaction
• User interface
– How users interact with information system
– Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in blanks
Process Data into Information
• Calculate
• Compare
• Sort
• Classify
• Summarize

The quality of the data must be maintained by a continual


process of correcting and updating activities
Output of Information
• Transmit information to users
– Display; paper; audio
• Storage of data
– Data are retained in an organized manner
• Fields; records; files; data bases
• Control of system performance
– Feedback must be monitored and evaluated to determine if the
information system is meeting established performance
standards
Systems Applications in the Organization

Decisions Management Levels Information Systems

Unstructured Senior ESS


Strategic Management
DSS
Knowledge and
GIS, CAD/CAM,
Tactical Data Worker
OAS
Middle
Management MIS

Lower
TPS
Management
Technical
(Operational)
Buy Make Sell Keep
Functions
Structured Track
Impact of IS on Organizations
• Flow of Information - Information is a key resource for all
organizations. What information describes might be
internal, external, objective or subjective.
• Information in an organization can flow in four direction
and these include upward flow of information, downward
flow of information, outward flow of information and
horizontal flow of information.
Transaction processing
• TPS will update any transaction process and store that
information in a database, so any concerned party in the
organization can access that information via a centralized
information storage network of internet.
Decision support
• A DSS works together with an artificial intelligence system
to help the worker create information through (OLAP)
online analytical process to facilitate decision making
tasks that require significant effort and analysis.
•
Workgroup support
• For Workgroup Communication
Executive support
• An executive information system (EIS) is an interactive
management information system (MIS) combined with
decision support systems and artificial intelligence for
helping managers identify and address problems and
opportunities.
• An EIS allows managers to view information from different
angles. Yet it also provides managers with the flexibility to
easily create more views to better understand the problem
or opportunity at hand.
Data Management
• With the help of database software, an organization
stores all its relevant data on a database. This
infrastructure can be designed when it is internal or
external.
Communication
• Information technology accounts in the development of
communication technology. Services like electronic mail
make communication within and outside the organization
easy and first. Now days email communication is a default
communication technology used by every organization.
Communication is a great tool in business develops, with
advanced communication tools, employees and
managers can easily make beneficial decisions in the
organization.

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