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A Line (Or Curve) That The Graph of A Function Gets Close To But Does Not Touch

The document defines asymptotes as lines or curves that functions get close to but do not touch, including vertical, horizontal, and oblique asymptotes. It provides rules for determining the types of asymptotes based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator of a rational function. Examples are given of finding vertical, horizontal, and oblique asymptotes by analyzing the degrees of the numerator and denominator and solving related equations.

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Clarold Daigo
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148 views22 pages

A Line (Or Curve) That The Graph of A Function Gets Close To But Does Not Touch

The document defines asymptotes as lines or curves that functions get close to but do not touch, including vertical, horizontal, and oblique asymptotes. It provides rules for determining the types of asymptotes based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator of a rational function. Examples are given of finding vertical, horizontal, and oblique asymptotes by analyzing the degrees of the numerator and denominator and solving related equations.

Uploaded by

Clarold Daigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASYMPTOTE

– A line (or curve) that the graph


of a function gets close to but
does not touch.
• Vertical Asymptote
• Horizontal Asymptote
• Oblique or Slant Asymptotes
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE
 they are the restrictions on the x-
values of a reduced rational
function.
 to find the restrictions, equate
the denominator to 0 and solve
for x.
4𝑥
Example 1: 𝑓 𝑥 =
2𝑥+1
 Vertical Asymptote:
𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 → 𝒙=−
𝟐
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
𝑁(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑎0
=
𝐷(𝑥) 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 +𝑏𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑚−1 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏0

a. If n=m, the graph of f has the line


𝑎𝑛
y = as a horizontal asymptote.
𝑏𝑛
4𝑥
Example 1: 𝑓 𝑥 =
2𝑥+1
 Vertical Asymptote:
𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 → 𝒙=−
𝟐
 Horizontal Asymptote:
𝟒𝒙
𝒚= =𝟐
𝟐𝒙
The degree of the numerator is equal to
the degree of the denominator.
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
𝑁(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑎0
=
𝐷(𝑥) 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 +𝑏𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑚−1 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏0

b. If n<m, the graph of f has the line


𝒚 = 𝟎 as the horizontal asymptote.
1
Example 2: 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥+1
 Vertical Asymptote:
𝒙+𝟏=𝟎 → 𝒙 = −𝟏
 Horizontal Asymptote:
𝒚=𝟎
The degree of the numerator is less
than the degree of the denominator.
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
𝑁(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑎0
=
𝐷(𝑥) 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 +𝑏𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑚−1 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏0

c. If n>m, the graph of f has no


horizontal asymptote.
OBLIQUE or SLANT ASYMPTOTES
 occurs when the numerator of f(x)
has a degree that is one higher than
the degree of the denominator.
 Divide the numerator by the
denominator by either using long
division or synthetic division.
 Is the quotient with remainder
ignored and set equal to y.
𝑥 2
Example 3: 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1
 Vertical Asymptote:
𝑥−1=0 → 𝑥=1
 Horizontal Asymptote:
None
The degree of the numerator is greater
than the degree of the denominator.
𝑥 2
Example 3: 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1
 Oblique
Asymptote:
𝑦 =𝑥+1
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙+𝟑
Example 4: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙𝟐 −𝟓𝒙+𝟒
(𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒇 𝒙 = =
(𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝒙 − 𝟒
 Hole:
𝒙−𝟏=𝟎 → 𝒙=𝟏
 Vertical Asymptote:
𝒙−𝟒=𝟎 → 𝒙=𝟒
 Horizontal Asymptote:
𝒙𝟐
𝒚= 𝟐=𝟏
𝒙
The degree of the numerator is equal to the degree of the denominator.
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
𝑁(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑎0
=
𝐷(𝑥) 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 𝑚 +𝑏𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑚−1 + ⋯ + 𝑏𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏0

a. If n=m,
𝑎𝑛
the graph of f has the line
y = as a horizontal asymptote.
𝑏𝑛
b. If n<m, the graph of f has the line
y=0 as the horizontal asymptote.
c. If n>m, the graph of f has no
horizontal asymptote.
OBLIQUE or SLANT ASYMPTOTES
 occurs when the numerator of f(x)
has a degree that is one higher than
the degree of the denominator.
 Divide the numerator by the
denominator by either using long
division or synthetic division.
 Is the quotient with remainder
ignored and set equal to y.
Practice Exercise
Find the asymptotes.
𝟖
1. 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐
𝟓𝒙
2. 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟓
𝟑𝒙 𝟐
3. 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟐
Seatwork
Find the asymptotes.
𝟒 𝐱−𝟏
1. 𝐟 𝐱 = 4. 𝐟 𝐱 =
𝐱−𝟕 𝐱 𝟐 −𝟒
𝐱−𝟓 𝟐
𝟔𝐱 +𝟏
2. 𝐟 𝐱 = 5. 𝐟 𝐱 =
𝐱+𝟐 𝟑𝒙
𝟐
𝐱 −𝐱−𝟔
3. 𝐟 𝐱 = 𝟐
𝐱 +𝟐𝐱−𝟏𝟓

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