WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
• Write three (3) words in your paper that define or describe research.
RESEARCH IS NOT
• Collecting data from sources
• Asking adults, professionals, skilled workers, or other specialized people in the
field
• Consulting an app, like dictionaries, Waze, Google, etc., for information that
answers our questions
• Conducting an experiment, laboratory or social, and compiling the results
RESEARCH
• Research is a systematic and scientific way of investigating and gathering
information to answer a particular problem, establish facts, and reach
conclusions.
• This can be done in various fields of study, such as sciences, humanities, social
sciences, and business. There is no field of study or interest that is exempted
from research
• In your paper: Given the highlighted words, what can you compare a
researcher to?
RESEARCH PROCESS
1. Formulating the PROBLEM.
2. Studying RELATED STUDIES which may formulate the investigation, establish
relevance of the study, and provide facts for making judgments and
conclusions.
3. Formulating the METHODOLOGY for the investigation.
4. Collection of data based on the process developed in #3.
5. Compilation and analysis of data to arrive at the answer to the problem,
which is the CONCLUSION, and recommending FURTHER STUDIES.
6. Writing the RESEARCH REPORT.
THE RESEARCH REPORT
• This is the expanded paper that presents the RESULTS and INTERPRETATION
of a PHENOMENON so that readers can better understand it.
REQUIREMENTS IN WRITING
• Topic
• Length of paper
• Number of sources required
• Types of sources
• APA documentation style for citation of sources
• Deadlines
• Format required
• Parts of the report
PARTS OF THE RESEARCH REPORT
1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Review of Literature
5. Methodology
6. Results and Discussion
7. Conclusion and Recommendation
8. References
THE TITLE PAGE
• Contains the title of the study, name of the author/s, date when it is submitted,
and the institution that supports the study.
• A good title should only be made of SEVEN key words. Conjunctions,
prepositions and articles are not included.
• A good title should also contain the independent and dependent variables of
the study.
THE ABSTRACT
• The abstract is another word for SUMMARY for the entire study.
• It contains the : research questions or objectives, the methodology, major
findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications, with minimal number of
citations and statistical date.
• The length should only be from 100-250 WORDS and should not exceed
TWO PAGES (with a font size 12 and double-spaced lines).
• Observe the example (overwrite the link here).
INTRODUCTION
• Nickname: Chapter One
• Objective: Presents the current state of the field of discipline and identifies the gaps
addressed by the research.
• Parts of the Introduction:
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Observe the example from this paper. ..\Documents\LBSL\Research Paper
Samples\PR1.revised-paper-1.docx
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Nickname: Chapter Two
• Objective: Summarizes and synthesizes all available sources directly related to the
study.
• Sections:
Related Concepts (theories, principles)
Related Studies (similar or related researches)
Summary
Observe the article given from this paper. ..\Documents\LBSL\Research Paper
Samples\Practical Research I - The Effect of the Amount of Extra-Curricular Activity on
the Academic Performance of High School Students in Christian School
International.docx
METHODOLOGY
• Nickname: Chapter Three
• Objective: Presents the steps in the conduct of the study for other researchers
to follow in the future.
• Parts:
Participants of the Study or Materials and Equipment
Instrumentation (tests, tools, questionnaires, standards)
Method of Data Gathering
Method of Data Analysis
Limitations of the Study
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
• Nickname: Chapter 4
• Objective: Presents the outcomes of the methodology with discussion on how
they behave in the environment of the study.
• Elements:
Tables & Charts
Images
Interpretation
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
• Nickname: Chapter 5
• Objective: Provide the answers to the research problem based on the
outcomes of the study and provide recommendation for other researchers.
REFERENCES
• Other name: Bibliography
• This provides the complete lists of references used in the study, not only for
Chapter 2 but also from other chapters.
• The format to follow depends on your teacher, but the APA format is
recommended for High School Science Papers.
STEPS IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
1. Select and narrow down the topic.
2. Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references.
3. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions
4. Prepare a preliminary outline.
5. Gather additional references using the outline as a guide.
6. Prepare the prefinal outline.
7. Prepare the necessary instruments for your research.
STEPS IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
8. Pilot test the instrument and revise accordingly.
9. Gather the data.
10. Prepare the tables and graphs and analyze the collected data.
11. Write the methodology and results sections.
12. Write the introduction and literature review sections.
13. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion section.
14.Write the conclusion.
15. Write the abstract.
16. Prepare the reference list used in the paper.
17. Edit and format your paper.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
1. Write in an OBJECTIVE tone. Focus on the subject of research, and never use
your feelings as bases for your judgment; always use facts.
2. Use the THIRD PERSON point of view. Avoid using “I,” “we,” and “you.” You
may refer to say, “the researcher/s” or “the research team,” but use them
sparingly.
3. As much as possible, begin your sentences with the TOPIC or SUBJECT
MATTER or the study, not the researchers.
4. Acknowledge the source of your information by using, “According to…” or
other similar citation.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
5. Only 10% of your sources should use DIRECT QUOTATION. The rest should
be written in your own words (paraphrased or summarized).
6. Use simple language and avoid idiomatic expressions, too technical words,
and flowery words.
7. Always write your ideas in COMPLETE SENTENCES.
8. Use the same format for all parts, noting the font size and style, spacing,
margins, indentation, and other parts.
9. When writing the title for Tables, Figures, and Images, beneath the actual
table, figure or image. Never separate them between pages.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
10. Present the table, figure and image first before its discussion or
interpretation.
11. Insert page break for every section and make sure that titles or subtitles are
not separate from their bodies.
12. Spell out the numbers one to ten; use the Arabic numbers after ten.
13. If a number begins a sentence, spell it out with the Arabic numbers enclosed
in parentheses. Example: “Forty two (42) respondents…”
14. Spell out names with abbreviations in the first mention with the acronym
enclosed in parentheses. Use the acronym from the second mention. Example:
“Department of Education (DepEd) endorsed…” then “DepEd continued…”
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT
15. Avoid using verbs with prepositions, like “cope with,” “rub off,” “pour in,”
followed by the object. Remove the preposition.
16. New chapters begin a new page with “Chapter Two” at the heading
followed by “Literature Review” in the second line.
17.
EXIT PASS
• List five (5) concepts that your learned from this session. Define each of them.
• List five (5) guidelines that you remember when writing the research report.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
May God bless you in your research.
