Sexually Transmitted
Infection
and
HIV Advocacy
City Health Office
Reproductive Health and Wellness Center
Zamboanga City
Facts
on
STI
&
HIV
Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com
Philippine National AIDS Council
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Infectionsthat are most commonly
passed through the following means:
Oral
Vaginal
Anal
Skin-to-skin
BODY FLUIDS:
Which one’s are considered infectious?
Semen Saliva
Vaginal fluid Tears
Blood Sweat
Fluid in sores or Urine
blisters Ear wax
Bacterial Viral Protozoal Fungal Skin
Parasites
Gonorrhea Genital herpes Trichomonas Candidiasis Pubic Lice
Syphilis Genital warts Scabies
Genital passed on by
Chlamydia close body
molluscum contact & do
Chancroid not require
HIV actual
penetrative
Hepatitis B * intercourse
Philippine National AIDS Council
Common signs and symptoms of STI
Pain passing urine Severe itchiness Pain
Yellowish/abnormal Ulcerations Abdominal pain
discharge
CHLAMYDIA
GONORRHEA
♠ Caused by bacteria called
neisseria gonorrheae
♠ Usual incubation period is
3 to 7 days
♠ Can be spread through
sexual contact
♠ Can affect genitals, throat
and anus
Symptoms
♠ Yellowish/ Purulent
discharge (tulo)
♠ Pelvic inflammation in
women
♠ Scrotal swelling in men
♠ Caused by spirochete treponema
pallidum
♠ Chronic systemic disease (9-90 days)
♠ The organism moves through skin or
mucus membrane and into the
bloodstream
♠ Can be transmitted through mother to
child, blood transfusion, sexual contact Source: Robert Taylor MD at
www.healthac.org
Symptom
♠ Lesions
SYPHILIS
♠ Caused by Symptoms
herpes ♠ Multiple, painful
simplex virus 2 shallow ulcers
♠ Incubation ♠ Painful urination
period is 2-12
days
Genital Herpes
♠ Caused by Symptoms
human papilloma ♠ Lesions
virus (HPV) ♠ Warty growths
♠ Transmitted
directly from skin
to skin during
sexual contact
HPV (Genital Warts)
(HBV)
Virus that attacks the liver
Most infected people (90%) naturally produce antibodies
to fight the disease, but some develop chronic HBV and
will carry the virus for the rest of their life
Chronic infection can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and
cancer
There is NO CURE, but vaccination can prevent infection
Pubic Lice
Infections caused by parasitic infestations
Pubic lice: tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic
hair & bite their host to feed on blood
Scabies: mites that burrow below the surface of
the skin to lay their eggs
Can live for 1 – 3 days on bedding, towels and
clothing
Treated with medicated creams & lotions
Scabies mite
A person with
STI easily gets Same
HIV & passes preventive
the virus to measures
another
Same sexual
mode of Clinical service
transmission
entry point
for HIV
education
Philippine National AIDS Council
HIV-AIDS
is a
serious
disease
pandemic.
Percent Change in New HIV Infections, by
Country, Asia and the Pacific from 2010 to 2016
2016
26
1984 to JUNE 2018
62,029
2017
2018
42
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
least than 15 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54
Zamboanga City HIV Registry
TOTAL
1995 to present
468
65 deaths
HIV Registry
Mode of Transmission
99%
sexual
transmission
1%
Mother to
Child
transmission
7/24/2019 copyright (your organization) 2003 28
What is HIV?
This virus can only infect
human beings
The effect of the virus is to
create a deficiency (a failure
to work properly) within the
body’s immune system
This organism is a retro virus,
which means it can reproduce
itself by taking over the
machinery of the human cell
Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007.
7/24/2019 copyright (your organization) 2003 30
What is AIDS?
ACQUIRED The infection may be transmitted from
one person to another
IMMUNE The immune system is compromised
The body can no longer fight off
DEFICIENCY infections; individual may suffer from
two or more opportunistic infections
SYNDROME A person experiences a collection of
symptoms which could be fatal
Source:
UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers.
HIV & AIDS
• HIV is a virus that destroys the
immune system over time,
robbing the body of its ability
to fight other infections and
illnesses
• Once the immune system is
weakened, other infections
occur and AIDS develops (the
fatal stage of HIV infection)
HIV Transmission
HIV TRANSMISSION
• Unprotected penetrative
Sexual Contact
• Mother to child transfer
• Blood and Blood products
HIV TRANSMISSION
Unprotected sexual contact with an
infected person
HIV TRANSMISSION
From infected mother to baby before or during
birth or through breast-feeding after birth
HIV TRANSMISSION
Infected blood and blood products
(transferred via blood transfusions and organ
transplants)
HIV TRANSMISSION
Sharing of needles, syringes, and other injecting
equipment (including tattooing equipment)
Body Fluids
Blood
Seminal Fluid
Vaginal Fluid
Breastmilk
Body Fluids
HIV is found in:
Blood Semen
Vaginal Breast
fluids milk
PRINCIPLES
of HIV transmission
EXIT: from the body of an infected
person
SURVIVE: virus must be in favorable
conditions
SUFFICIENT: enough virus must be
present
ENTRY: must enter bloodstream of
another person
NO HIV transmission
Coughing/sneezing
Mosquito bites
Swimming in same
pool with PLHIV
NO HIV transmission
Using the same
toilet bowl
Kissing, hugging,
eating on the
same table, sitting
beside a PLHIV
NO HIV transmission
Eating on the same
plate, drinking
using the same glass
How will I
know if I am
HIV positive?
Philippine National AIDS Council
Manypeople have NO
symptoms until years after
exposure
The
only way to know is to get
TESTED!
Testing
Strictly voluntary and confidential
18 years old and above
Parent’s consent for less than 18 years old
Pre-test counselling
Screening Test Confirmatory
HIV antibody detection: Test (if positive)
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent
- Western Blot or Immunoblot
Assay –(ELISA)
HIV antigen Test
Post-test counselling
HIV Counseling and Testing
HIV TESTING
How can I
protect myself
from HIV?
Philippine National AIDS Council
Prevention of HIV
Prevention
• Abstinence
• Be mutually Faithful
• Correct and consistent
condom use
• Don’t use Drugs
• Education
HIV Prevention
A
ABSTINENCE
“Ayoko Muna”
HIV Prevention
B
BE MUTUALLY
FAITHFUL
“Basta Ikaw lang at
Ako”
HIV Prevention
C
CONSCIENCE
and CORRECT
CHOICE
CORRECT &
CONSISTENT
CONDOM USE
HIV Prevention
D
DON’T USE DRUGS
& ALCOHOL
“Droga ay Iwasan”
HIV Prevention
E
EDUCATE
“Edukasyon ay
Kailangan”
EARLY diagnosis &
treatment
It’s NOT
WHO YOU ARE but
WHAT YOU DO
that puts you
at risk for HIV
Wala sa
PAGkatao mo,
nasa
GINAGAWA
mo.
REMEMBER:
HIV has
NO CURE
What if I test
positive?
Philippine National AIDS Council
♠ Seek early
medical treatment
There is
TREATMENT
for HIV.
♠ Adopt a healthy
lifestyle and positive
attitude.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Ending AIDS together.
Risk Assessment
Check whether you are at risk of having HIV/STI
Do I engage in unprotected sexual intercourse
with more than one partner?
Does my partner have multiple sexual partners?
Do I or my partner have signs or symptoms
referring to a possible STI?
Risk Assessment
Do I engage in drug use, sharing of needles or
syringes?
Does my partner engage in drug use, sharing of
needles or syringes?
Have I or my partner undergone any blood
transfusion/organ transplant?
If you answered YES in any one
of the above questions, then you
might have a risk of getting STI or HIV.
Consult a health worker,
visit the RHWC,
and take the test.
Landline No. 926-9279
Mobile No. 0995.535.1933
Muchas Gracias!
