SUBJECT : 15IT422E

SUBJECT CODE : INTERNET OF THINGS

Semester ‐ V

TEACHER’s COPY Internet of Things Team

Department of IT
SRM University, Kattankulathur
1
 UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS

OF IOT
 Introduction and Concepts of IoT
SYLLABUS :
Introduction to IOT
Definition and Characteristics of IoT
Architecture of IoT
Physical and Logical Design of IoT
IoT enabling Technologies
IoT Levels and Deployment templates
Domain Specific IoTs
 Session 1
Introduction to IOT
Definition and Characteristics of IoT

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

 INTRODUCTION TO IOT
• What is IoT?
• How IoT works?
• Where is IoT?
• Is IoT a new technology ?
 What is IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network

of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings
and other items embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, and network connectivity—
that enables these objects to collect and
exchange data.
IoT includes
 Where is IoT?

Wearable Tech

Smart Appliances
Healthcare
 Where is IoT?

• On your campus…
 Is IoT a new technology ?
• NO!!!
• IoT integrates leading technologies such as:
• Advanced M2M communication
• Autonomic networking
• Data mining
• Security and privacy
• Cloud computing
• Advanced sensing and actuation
Definition of IoT
Data flow of IoT
 Characteristics of IoT
• Dynamic and self adapting
e.g:-Surveillance cameras
• Self- Configuring
-allowing a large number of devices to work
e.g:-Weather monitoring
• Interoperable Communication Protocols
-for communicate with other devices and infrastructure
• Unique Identity
- IP address and URI
• Integrated into Information Network
- allows to communicate and exchange data with other devices and
systems
REFER NOTES SECTION OF THIS SLIDE
Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things, A Hands -
on Approach”, 1st Edition 2015, University Press, ISBN: 978-81-
7371- 954-7
MCQ

16
 Session 2
Architecture of IoT
Physical and Logical Design ofIoT

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

 Architecture of IoT
• The Architecture of IoT is classified as
– Physical design of IoT
• things in IoT
• IoT Protocols
– Logical design of IoT
• IoT Functional Blocks
• IoT communication models
• IoT communication APIs
 Physical design of IoT
• Things in IoT
– things refers IoT devices which have unique
identities to perform
• Remote sensing
• Actuating
• Monitoring capabilities
– IoT devices exchange data or collect data and
process the data either locally or send to
centralized servers or cloud based application
back ends
IoT Protocols
 Physical Link Layer Protocols
• How data is sent over the physical medium between
two (physically) interconnected devices.
• Some examples:
– 802.3 – Ethernet (10Mbps – 40Gbps, coaxial, twisted pair)
– 802.11 – WiFi (1Mbps – 6,75 Gbps, wireless)
– 2G/3G/4G – Mobile Communications
– 802.16 – WiMax (1.5 Mbps – 1 Gbps, wireless)
– 802.15.1 – Bluetooth (? , wireless)
– 802.15.4 – LR-WPAN (40 Kbps – 250 Kbps, wireless)
 Network Layer Protocols
• Responsible for sending IP packets from the source
node in a network of devices to the end node
Provides (global hierarchical) addressing of nodes in
the network and routing of packets across the
network Some standards:
– IPv4 – 32-bits addresses – until 2011
– IPv6 – 128-bit addresses
– 6loWPAN – IPv6 compressed
• Some protocols:
– ICMPv6
– RPL
 Transport Layer Protocols
• End-to-end datagram transfer independent of underlying
network and identification of end-points (ports)
• Some protocols
UDP:
– connectionless (no handsakes)
– Small data-units to exchange
– No overhead from connection setup
TCP:
– connection-oriented and statefull .
– Ensures reliable transmission in order
– Flow control
 Application Layer Protocols
• Enable process-to-process connections using ports
Some examples:
– HTTP - Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol
– CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol WebSocket
– MQTT – Message Queue Telemetry Transport
– XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
– DDS – Data Distribution Service
– AMQP –Advanced Message Queueing Protocol …
 Logical Design of IoT
• Refers to an abstract representation of the
entities and processes without going into
specifies of the implementation
Steps:
1. IoT Functional Blocks
Provide the system the capabilities for identification,
Sensing, actuation, communication and management
2. IoT Communication Models
3. IoT Communication APIs
 IoT Functional Blocks
• These functional blocks are described as,
– Device
– Communication
– Services
– Management
– Security
– Application
 Request/Response

• The Request/Response communication

pattern is one of the most basic
communication patterns. It allows a client to
request information from a server in real-time.
The words "client" and "server" are here used
purely to illustrate the roles of the participants
in the pattern, not to describe the hierarchy in
the network.
IoT Communication Models
 Publish/Subscribe

• The Publish/Subscribe pattern allows for mass

distribution of information to interested
parties in an efficient manner. It reduces
network traffic by up to half, by allowing the
publisher of information to send its
information only once to a publish/subscribe
server, who then retransmits it to subscribers.
 Publish/Subscribe

• The Publish/Subscribe pattern is more efficient

than other patterns, such
as Request/Response or Asynchronous
Messaging if the following conditions are met:
• Information does not have to be updated in real-
time for continous values (non-discrete values).
• Information does not have to be updated
on demand.
• Published information is actually used.
IoT Communication Models
IoT Communication Models
IoT Communication Models
 IoT Communication APIs
• Two communication APIs
– REST-Based Communication APIs
– Web Socket Based Communication APIs
 REST-Based Communication APIs
• Principles (constrains):
– Client-Server
– Stateless: request contains all information needed to
understand it
– Cache-able: Response can be marked as cache-able. If so, client
can reuse response later on.
– Layered system: a component cannot see beyond its scope
– Uniform system: communication method between client and
server is uniform
– Code on demand: servers can provide executable code or
scripts for clients (optional)
 REST-Based Communication APIs
• Request- Response Model used by REST
• HTTP request methods and Actions
 Web Based Communication APIs
• Bi directional
• Full duplex communication b/w client and
server
• Do not require a new connection to be setup
for each message to be sent
• Suitable for IoT Applications with low latency
or high throughput requirements
REFER NOTES SECTION OF THIS SLIDE
Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things, A Hands -
on Approach”, 1st Edition 2015, University Press, ISBN: 978-81-
7371- 954-7
MCQ

41
 Session 3
IoT enabling Technologies
IoT Levels and Deployment templates

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

IoT Enabling Technologies
IoT Levels & Deployment Template
• An IoT system comprises of the following
components:
– Device
– Resourse
– Controller service
– Database
– Web service
– Analysis component
– Application
 IoT Level 1
Level 1 :Monitoring node performs analysis,
stores data, No cloud
 IoT Level 1
Level 1 :Monitoring node performs
analysis, stores data, No cloud
• Single node device-perform sensing /actuation
• Suitable for modelling low cost and low
complexity solutions
• REST –Locally allow retrieving and updating
the state.
 IoT Level 2
Level 2: Monitoring node performs
analysis,Cloud for storage
 Level 2: Monitoring node performs
analysis, Cloud for storage
• Single node that monitors the soil moisture
level and controls the irrigation system.
• Moisture level drops below the threshold –
irrigation ON.
• A cloud based REST web service is used for
storing and retrieving moisture data which is
stored in the cloud database.
 IoT Level 3
Level3: Node Monitors,Cloud for storage
and analysis
 IoT Level 3
Level3: Node Monitors,Cloud for
storage and analysis
• Data involved in big and analysis requirements
are computationally intensive.
• Tracking the package level
• Accelerometer and gyroscope sensors
 IoT Level 4
Level4: Monitoring nodes perform
local analysis, Cloud storage
 IoT Level 4
Level4: Monitoring nodes perform
local analysis, Cloud storage
• Multiple node – perform local analysis.
• Local and cloud based observer nodes –
subscribe to and receive information collected
in the cloud from IoT devices.
• Eg- different locations –monitoring noise
levels in an area.
• Sound sensors
 IoT Level 5
Endpoints/Routers,coordinator, Cloud
for storage and analysis
 IoT Level 5
Endpoints/Routers,coordinator, Cloud
for storage and analysis
• Multiple end nodes-coordinator node
• Coordinator node collects data from end
nodes and sends to the cloud.
• Forest fire detection-monitoring temperature
,humidity and carbon dioxide levels in the
forest.
• The analysis of data is done in the computing
cloud to aggregate the data and make
predictions.
 IoT Level 6
multiple monitoring nodes,centralized
controller, Cloud for storage and analysis
 IoT Level 6
multiple monitoring nodes, centralized
controller, Cloud for storage and
analysis
REFER NOTES SECTION OF THIS SLIDE
Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things, A Hands -
on Approach”, 1st Edition 2015, University Press, ISBN: 978-81-
7371- 954-7
MCQ

57
 Session 4
TUTORIAL

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

 Session 5
Domain Specific IoTs
Home
Environment
Cities

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

 Domain Specific IoTs
• IoT Applications
– Home
• Smart Lighting
• Smart Appliances
• Intrusion Detection
• Smoke and Gas detectors
– Environment
• Weather Monitoring
• Air Pollution Monitoring
• Noise Pollution Monitoring
• Forest Fire Detection
 Domain Specific IoTs
– Cities
• Smart Parking
• Smart Roads
• Structural Health Monitoring
• Emergency Response
•
Domain Specific IoTs
REFER NOTES SECTION OF THIS SLIDE
Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things, A Hands -
on Approach”, 1st Edition 2015, University Press, ISBN: 978-81-
7371- 954-7
MCQ

63
 Session 5
Domain Specific IoTs
Energy System
Retail
Logistics
Industry
Agriculture
Health & Lifestyle

Instruction: Refer Notes section in every slide for details

 Domain Specific IoTs
• IoT Applications:
– Retail
• Inventory Management
• Smart Payments
• Smart Vending Machines
– Agriculture
• Smart Irrigation
• Green House Control
– Health anf Life Style
• Health and Fitness Monitoring
• Wearable Electronics
 Domain Specific IoTs
– Energy
• Smart Grids
• Renewable Energy Systems
• Prognostics
– Logistics
• Route Generation and Scheduling
• Fleet Tracking
• Shipment Monitoring
• Remote Vehicle Diagnosis
– Industry
• Machine Diagnostics
• Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
•
 1. How much money
would connected
kitchens save the food
and beverage industry
annually?
MCQs • A)15%
• B)22%
• C)13%
• D)45%
 • By 2020, how many
vehicles will be
connected?
• A) a quarter of billion
• B)half million
MCQs • C)half billion
• D)million
REFER NOTES SECTION OF THIS SLIDE
Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things, A Hands -
on Approach”, 1st Edition 2015, University Press, ISBN: 978-81-
7371- 954-7
MCQ

69