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Seminar
On
GLOBAL WARMING
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Introduction
What is Global Warming?
How Global Warming Works.
Example of the Greenhouse Effect.
Difference between “global warming” and “climate change.
Effects of Global Warming.
Why is global warming happening?
How is Global Warming measured?
When did Global Warming started?
What can you do to help solve the problem?
Conclusion
Reference
Is the world getting warmer?
If so, are the actions of mankind
to blame for earth’s temperature
increases?
What can/should be done about
these issues?
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's
average surface temperature due to effect of
greenhouse gases,
such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning
fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap
heat that would otherwise escape from Earth.
This is a type of greenhouse effect.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.
What’s the difference
between “global warming”
and “climate change”?
GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE
is the increase of the is a broader term that
Earth’s average surface refers to long-term
temperature due to a changes in climate,
build-up of greenhouse including average
gases in the temperature and
atmosphere. precipitation.
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature
Habitat Damage and
Species Affected Changes in Water Supply
Alaska
1914 2004
Arizona
June 2002 Dec 2003
Pollution from coal,
natural gas, and oil
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2
Joseph Black, a Scottish chemist and
physician, first identified carbon dioxide in
the 1750s. At room temperatures (20-25 oC),
carbon dioxide is an odourless, colourless
gas, which is faintly acidic and non-
flammable. Carbon dioxide is a molecule with
the molecular formula CO2. The linear
molecule consists of a carbon atom that is
doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms,
O=C=O.
Humans use carbon dioxide in many different
ways. The most familiar example is its use in soft
drinks and beer, to make them fizzy.
Carbon dioxide released by baking powder or
yeast makes cake batter rise. Some fire
extinguishers use carbon dioxide because it is
denser than air.
Carbon dioxide can blanket a fire, because of its
heaviness.
Carbon dioxide plays an important part
in vital plant and animal process, such as
photosynthesis and respiration.
Greenhouse gasses absorb some of the heat and
trap it near the earth's surface, so that the earth is
warmed up. This process, commonly known as
the greenhouse effect.
The amount of heat in the troposphere depends
on concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse
gasses and the amount of time these gasses
remain in the atmosphere. The most important
greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, CFC's
(Chlor-Fluoro-Carbons), nitrogen oxides and
methane.
The primary health dangers of carbon dioxide are:
- Asphyxiation. Caused by the release of carbon dioxide in a
confined or unventilated area. This can lower the
concentration of oxygen to a level that is immediately
dangerous for human health.
- Frostbite. Solid carbon dioxide is always below -78 oC at
regular atmospheric pressure, regardless of the air
temperature. Handling this material for more than a second
or two without proper protection can cause serious blisters,
and other unwanted effects. Carbon dioxide gas released
from a steel cylinder, such as a fire extinguisher, causes
similar effects.
- Kidney damage or coma. This is caused by a disturbance in
chemical equilibrium of the carbonate buffer. When carbon
dioxide concentrations increase or decrease, causing the
equilibrium to be disturbed, a life threatening situation may
occur.
Ice Core Data
CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica
CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Degree Celsius Increase
1000
1200
1400
Temperature
Year
1600
(Northern Hemisphere)
1800
2000
Parts Per Million
1000
1200
1400
Year
CO2 Concentrations
1600
1800
2000
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon
Goal:
Reductions in
2007
CO2 Per Year
Carbon Tons Carbon Our Goal
Produce electricity
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle efficiency
of Metric
Solar and Wind
Power
Biofuels
Gigaton
Carbon capture
Billions
and storage
Reductions
2007 in CO2
Per Year
Wind Power Solar Power Fuel-Efficiency
Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.
What’s the Compact
Incandescent difference? Fluorescent
500 lbs. of
coal
•1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided
•$30 saved
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.
Plant a tree. Recycle.
There is very little doubt that global warming will
change our climate in the next century. So what are
the solutions to global warming? First, there must
be an international political solution.
Second, funding for developing cheap and clean
energy production must be increased, as all
economic development is based on increasing
energy usage.
We must not pin all our hopes on global politics and
clean energy technology, so we must prepare for the
worst and adapt. If implemented now, a lot of the
costs and damage that could be caused by changing
climate can be mitigated.
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