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Submitted By:-Submitted To:-: Vaibhav Bhootna (EC09121) Ms. Garima Mathur (HOD, ECE)

Vaibhav Bhootna submitted a presentation summarizing their summer training at BSNL. The presentation included an overview of BSNL, describing it as India's largest public sector telecom company. It then discussed key telecommunication services provided by BSNL like cellular, internet, and landline services. The presentation explained telephone exchanges and how they interconnect subscribers, as well as components like the Main Distribution Frame that distributes connections. It concluded with an overview of GSM technology and the core network components that enable cellular connectivity.

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Ritish Patel
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105 views37 pages

Submitted By:-Submitted To:-: Vaibhav Bhootna (EC09121) Ms. Garima Mathur (HOD, ECE)

Vaibhav Bhootna submitted a presentation summarizing their summer training at BSNL. The presentation included an overview of BSNL, describing it as India's largest public sector telecom company. It then discussed key telecommunication services provided by BSNL like cellular, internet, and landline services. The presentation explained telephone exchanges and how they interconnect subscribers, as well as components like the Main Distribution Frame that distributes connections. It concluded with an overview of GSM technology and the core network components that enable cellular connectivity.

Uploaded by

Ritish Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Ms. Garima Mathur Vaibhav Bhootna


(HOD,ECE) (EC09121)
A
presentation on
summer training
taken at
AT
bsnl
 Company Profile
 Introduction
 Services Provided
 Exchange
 MDF
 OCB
 GSM
 Conclusion
Type: State-Owned Enterprise

Head Quarter's New Delhi

Key People: Mr. R K Upadhyay (Chairman & MD)

Established: Oct 2000

Owner: Govt. Of India


Today, BSNL is the No. 1 telecommunication company and the
largest public sector undertaking of India and its responsibilities
includes improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom
services, expansion of telecom services in all villages and cities
Universal Telecom Services
Cellular Mobile Telephone Services
WLL-CDMA Telecom Services
Internet
Intelligent Network
3G
IPTV
VVoIP
WiMax (4th Gen Wireless Broadband)
Equipment which effects interconnection of
telephones is known as switching equipment. The
switching centre, which houses the terminating and
switching equipment is called telephone exchange.
1. All telephone subscribers are served by automatic exchanges.
2. Today’s automatic exchanges uses a pair of computers.
 One, running the program that provides services.

 Second, monitoring the operation of the first, ready to take over in a few

seconds in the event of equipment failure.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:

> C-DOT
> OCB
> EWSD
Typical exchange consist of :

 SwitchRoom
Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room
Input Output processor (IOP) Room
Power Plant Room
Battery Room
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room
POWER PLANT :
SWITCHING ROOM :

Switch room consists of BM and CM cabinets


mounted in standard switch.

These cabinets are fastened to a switch Room and


interconnected by cables.
Main Distribution Frame is a signal distribution frame or a
cable rack used in telephony to interconnect and manage
telecommunication between itself and any number of
intermediate distribution frame and cabling from the
telephone network it supports
 Vertical side
 Horizontal side
RACK: -On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The
counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

TAGS: -Each rack consists of eight tags.


1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line

N.E.:-The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’.


It is used for testing number .

WEDGE: Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring. Wedge is placed in
jack strips, which is connected to telephone for checking.
HORIZONTAL SIDE:

The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.


This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed
when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.

Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

One part is connected with the vertical side.


 Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground
cable.
The new switching systems are based on Stored Program Control
concept. The call processing programmers are distributed over
different control organs of the system and are stored in ROM/RAM
of the units Processor in the control units .
Features:
 It is a digital switching system.
 The system supports all the existing signaling system .
The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a serious
fault occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM
(operation & maintenance unit).
 DC voltage is used because it doesn’t produce any
noise on the line.

 48v is efficient to transmit over a long distance and


safe for Telecom Technician and service personnel.

 Negative Voltage is used to reduce the corrosion from


electro-chemical reactions occurring on a wet
telephone wire.
History

- Torleiv Maseng is regarded as the father of the GSM


Technology.
- 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
- first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in
Finland with joint technical infrastructure maintenance
from Ericsson.
 Global System for Mobile Communication

 GSM is an ETSI standard for 2G Pan-European


digital cellular with international roaming
• 2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz
bands.

• GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send information from


the mobile station to the base station (uplink)

• 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink),


This system structured hierarchically as shown:

 It consist of one administrative region, which is


assigned to a MSC(Mobile Switching Center).
 Each administrative Region is made up of at least
one Location Area(LA). LA is also called the visited
area.
 An LA consists of several cell groups.
 Each cell group is assigned to a base station
controller(BSC).
 Cells of one BSC may belong to different LA’s.
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
 Base Station controller (BSC)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
 Mobile services Switching Center (MSC)
 Home Location Register (HLR)
Authentication Centre (AuC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN)
• MS refers to the physical
phone itself.
• uniquely identified by the
International Mobile
Equipment Identity (IMEI)
number.
• Sim is small smart card that
is inserted into the phone and
carries information specific to
the subscriber
• carry out radio communications
between the network and the MS

• handles speech encoding,


encryption, multiplexing (TDMA),
and modulation/demodulation
• allocation of radio channels

•frequency administration

•power and signal measurements


from the MS,

•handovers from one BTS to


another
• call routing, call setup, and basic
switching functions

• inter-BSC handoffs as well as


coordinates with other MSC's for
inter-MSC handoffs.
• gateway between two
networks

• switch to the Public Switched


Telephone Network (PSTN).
• HLR maintains subscriber-
specific information such as the
MSISDN, IMSI, current
location
of the MS, roaming
restrictions,

• VLR is a database that


contains
a subset of the information
located on the HLR
• EIR is a database that keeps
tracks of handsets on the network
using the IMEI

• handles the authentication and


encryption tasks for the network =
 MSISDN is Subscriber Telephone number
 IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)

 MSISDN is a number uniquely identifying a


subscription in a GSM or UMTS network.

 The MSISDN and IMSI are two important numbers


used for identifying a mobile subscriber
 IMSI is used as key in HLR
 IMSI is uniquely associated to a SIM
During this summer training period at RTTC Jaipur , I
come to know about the various telecommunication
equipment and technologies used earlier , or which are
currently in use such as GSM 3G & CDMA, switching
systems of OCB & CDOT and data communication
systems with Internet nodes , Wi-Fi equipment, IP VPN.

Basically I have discussed the GSM and the telephone


exchange to give an overview to understand the
telecommunication system.

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