An Introduction To

ANDROID
 What is Android?
“Android is a software stack for mobile devices
that includes an operating system, middleware
and key applications”
 Google’s master plan
• • make the cloud more accessible
• • keep connectivity pervasive
• • make the client more powerful
Open Handset Alliance

And still counting....

T-Mobile G1-first android based phone
• Qualcomm MSM7201A, 528 MHz
• ROM 256 MB
• RAM 192 MB
• 4.60 in x 2.16 in x 0.62 in
• 158 grams
•• Lithium Ion battery,1150 mAh
3G (HSDPA)
• touch screen, HVGA 320x480
• QWERTY keyboard
• 3.2 megapixel camera
• microSD expansion slot
• GPS, compass, accelerometer
 Android applications
• • multiple applications, running
simultaneously
• • user may switch between running
applications
• • background services
• • copy and paste
 Android Market
• • $25 registration fee for developers
• • developer receives 70% of each sale
• • remaining amount goes to carriers
• • Google does not take a percentage
• • http://www.android.com/market/
System Architecture
 Android applications
• are written in the Java language
• run on the Dalvik virtual machine
 Dalvik VM
• • not a Java VM
• • design constraints: slow CPU, little
RAM
• • will run on OS without swap space
• • http://sites.google.com/site/io/dalvik-
vm-internals
 Nlk jlj
Conversion from .java to .dex
file 
 Application API’s
• J2SE- java.util.*
java.io.*
java.lang.*
Etc
• UI- android.widget.*
android.view.*
android.graphics.*
• Telephony- android.telephony.Iphone
• SMS- android.telephony.gsm.SmsManager
• Local database- android.database.*
• HTTP-org.apache.http.client.*
 Android applications
• application package file: myapp.apk
• an application is composed of one or more
activities
 Activity
• • an activity is usually a single screen in your
• application
• • however, activities can also be faceless
• • one activity is designated as the entry point
• for your application
 Activity sample
package helloandroid;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class HelloAndroid extends Activity
{
public void onCreate(Bundle icicle)
{
super.onCreate(icicle);
TextView view = new
TextView(this);
view.setText("Hello Android\n");
setContentView(view);
}
}
 Android Security Concepts
•  File system Security
•  Linux based permissions
•  Encapsulation of single installed applications
•  every application has its own user id
•  applications can share files and databases
•  Security of installed applications
•  restricted access to file system
•  restricted access to cache, manifest files, databases
 What’s so special about Android ?
• The declarative XML UI framework enables developers and handset manufacturers to
rapidly develop the user interface for new applications
• The Android source code will be licensed under the Apache 2.0 license, a non-copyleft
license which allows handset manufacturers to modify the source code without
being forced to share back their modifications.
• Android allows developers to program against the familiar Java SE library of APIs (the
desktop version of the Java libraries), which is much broader and more powerful than
Java ME, the mobile version
• - Android uses Dalvik, a ‘proprietary’ (non-Sun-endorsed) Java virtual machine which
means that Android developers can use Java SE APIs, while Google does not have to
pay any royalties to Sun for TCK certification, as they ‘re not claiming this is a Java
environment
• Java on android enables it to be used on different platforms and devices
(to be discussed).
 Future of Android

Android for microwaves

Android for refrigerators

 uhglku
• Android powered watches
Dell
streak

Android powered Tablet pc

 Major colloaboration with nvidia
NVIDIA Tegra is a system-on-a-chip series developed by NVIDIA for
mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants and
mobile internet devices. Each Tegra is a "computer on a chip" which
integrates the ARM architecture processor CPU, GPU, northbridge,
southbridge and memory controller onto a single package. The series
emphasizes low power consumption and high performance for playing
video and audio.

1.)The world’s first dual-core ARM Cortex A9

CPU 2.)running up to 1GHz
3.)Eight independent processors to handle web
browsing, HD video encode and decode and
mobile 3D gaming
4.)10x faster than the processors used in
smartphones today, and up to 4x the
performance of the previous generation Tegra
processor
Advanced TSMC 40nm process with active
power management
•
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NVIDIA will be working within the Open Handset Alliance to continually strengthen
the ability of Android to tap into advanced mobile graphics and media acceleration
to make interaction with handheld technology more intuitive and instinctive
Key to Tegra’s capabilities are eight independent processors, including the world’s
first dual core CPU for mobile applications. These processors are used together or
independently to optimize power usage at all times. With its ultra low-power
design, Tegra delivers over 16 hours of HD video or 140 hours of music—on a
single charge
 References
• [1] Open Handset Alliance: http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
• [2] Nokia kauft Symbian: http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Nokia-kauft-Symbian-Update--/meldung/109873
• [3] DroidDraw, UI Designer: http://www.droiddraw.org/
• [4] Java vs. Android APIs: http://blogs.zdnet.com/Burnette/?p=504
• [5] Web Service Deployment: http://groups.google.com/group/android-
developers/browse_thread/thread/2b073fb5a263c717/
• [6] Caling SOAP 1.1. Web Services from Android (ksoap2 + apache http):
• http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/browse_thread/thread/9b246db7d612a6b5
• [7] Developing Responsive Applications: http://code.google.com/android/toolbox/responsiveness.html
• [8] Access the web behind a proxy:
• http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/browse_thread/thread/e855c4998b25fc9c/
• [9] Android Development Community: http://www.anddev.org/index.php
• [10] Google I/O 2008 - Dalvik Virtual Machine Internals: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptjedOZEXPM
• [11] DEX File Format: http://www.retrodev.com/android/dexformat.html
• Android for Java Developers | Dr. Markus Schmall, Jochen Hiller 2008-07-03 28
End of session