CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,KOTA
MANUFACTURING OF CEMENT
Guide HANUMAN MALAV
Sh. SOURABH ALOK SAO 15EUCCE032
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
ENIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
CEMENT IS A DRY POWDER WHICH ACTS AS A BINDER
FOR OTHER MATERIALS
CEMENT IS A MAIN COMPONENT IN CONCRETE WHICH IS
USED TO CONSTRUCT VARIOUS STRUCTURE
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
CALCIUM , SILICON, ALUMINIUM AND IRON ARE THE MAIN
ELEMENT
TABLE SHOWS THE PROPABLE RAW INGREDIENTS THAT CAN
BE USED
CALCIUM SILICON ALUMINUM IRON
LIMESTONE CLAY CLAY CLAY
CALCITE SAND SHALE IRON ORE
ARAGONITE SHALE FLY ASH MILL SCALE
SHALE FLY ASH ALUMINUM SHALE
SEA SHELLS RICE HULL ASH BLAST FURNACE DUST
TABLE 1 : PROBABLE
CEMENT KILN DUST SLAG
RAW INGREDIENTS FOR
MANUFACTURING OF CEMENT
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
THE BASIC MIXTURE OF CEMENT INDUSTRY
CONSISTS OF
CHALK
LIME STONE
CLAY
CALCIUM CARBONATE
SILICON OXIDE
ALUMINUM OXIDE
IRON(II) OXIDE
RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING
PORTLAND CEMENT IS MOSLTLY USED WHICH IS MADE BY
HEATING LIMESTONE WITH OTHER MATERIALS TO 1450 °C
IN A KILN, IN A PROCESS KNOWN AS CALCINATION.
CO2 IS LIBERATED FROM CaCO3 TO FORM QUICK LIME (CaO)
CaO IS BLENDED WITH OTHER MATERIALSTO FORM
CALCIUM SILICATES AND OTHER CIMENTITIOUS
COMPOUNDS
THE RESULTING HARD SUBSTANCE (CLINKER) IS THEN
GROUND WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF GYPSUM TO MAKE
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
IT IS A TWO STEP PROCESS :
a) MAKING OF CLINKERS
b) MAKING CEMENT FROM THESE CLINKERS
FIRST STEP CAN BE DRY, WET OR SEMI-WET PROCESS
ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF RAW MATERIALS USED.
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
WET PROCESS : THIS PROCESS IS MAKE BY CYLINDRICAL
TYPE KILN THE LENGTH FOR IT = 40 TIMES
OF THE SHELL’S INNER DIAMETER IT IS
USING TO HELP DRY THE SLURRY.
FIG 1 : CYLINDRICAL KILN USED IN
WET PROCESS OF CEMENT
MANUFACTURING
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
DRY PROCESS :
FIG 2 : LINE DIAGRAM OF KILN USED IN DRY
PROCESS OF CEMENT MANUFACTURING
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FINISH PROCESS :
IN THIS PROCESS GYPSUM AND OTHER CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS (BLAST FURNACE SLAG, COAL FLY ASH ETC)
ARE ADDED TO THE CLINKERS AND THEN ALL THESE
CONSTITUENTS ARE GROUND TO FINE & HOMOGENEOUS
POWDER. THIS POWDER IS CALLED CEMENT WHICH IS FIRST
STORED IN SILOS AND THEN PACKED IN BAGS &
TRANSPORTED.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
LIQUID WASTE IF DISPOSED IN SEWAGE SYSTEM MAY CHOCK
THE PIPES.
IF DISCHARGED IN WATER BODIES THEN MAY AFFECT THE
AQUATIC LIFE.
DURING FINISH PROCESS FINE PARTICLES DISPERSE INTO
THE SURROUNDING AIR WHICH ULTIMATELY AFFECTS THE
AIR QUALITY IN THE AREA.
CONCLUSION
LIME STONE AND CLAY ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT RAW MATERIALS
FOR CEMENT MANUFACTURING HENCE PLANT SHOULD BE AT A PLACE
WHERE THESE ARE EASILY AVAILABLE.
99 % RAW MATERIAL IS MINING MATERIAL SO CEMENT MANUFACTURING
IS ALSO CLOSELY CONNECTED TO MINING INDUSTRY.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS RESULTING
FROM THE CEMENT INDUSTRY INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CAUSED BY EMISSIONS INTO THE AIR LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL OF SOLID
WASTE.
REFERENCES
TABLE 1 : iti.northwestern.edu/cement/monograph/monograph3_3.html
FIG 1 : Searched on GOOGLE on 20/10/2018
FIG 2 : Searched on GOOGLE on 20/10/2018
THANK YOU