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Concepts of Genetics
Ninth Edition
Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino
Chapter 21
Genomics, Bioinformatics,
and Proteomics
Copyright © 2009©Pearson
Copyright Education,
2009 Pearson Inc.
Education, Inc.
21.1 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Is a Widely Used Method for
Sequencing and Assembling Entire
Genomes
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.1
21.1 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Is a Widely Used Method for
Sequencing and Assembling Entire
Genomes
21.1.1 High-Throughput Sequencing
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.2
21.1 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Is a Widely Used Method for
Sequencing and Assembling Entire
Genomes
21.1.2 The Clone-by-Clone Approach
21.1.3 Draft Sequences and Checking for Errors
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.3
21.2 DNA Sequence Analysis Relies on
Bioinformatics and Genomic
Databases
21.2.1 Annotation to Identify Gene Sequences
21.2.2 Hallmark Characteristics of a Gene Sequence
Can Be Recognized During Annotation
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.4
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.5
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.6a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.6b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.6c
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.7
21.3 Functional Genomics Attempts to
Identify Potential Functions of Genes
and Other Elements in a Genome
21.3.1 Predicting Gene and Protein Functions by
Sequence Analysis
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.9
21.3 Functional Genomics Attempts to
Identify Potential Functions of Genes
and Other Elements in a Genome
21.3.2 Predicting Function from Structural Analysis of
Protein Domains and Motifs
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21.4 The Human Genome Project Reveals
Many Important Aspects of Genome
Organization in Humans
21.4.1 Origins of the Project
21.4.2 Major Features of the Human Genome
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 21.1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.10
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.11a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.11b
21.5 The “Omics” Revolution Has Created
a New Era of Biological Research
Methods
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21.6 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genomes
Display Common Structural and
Functional Features and Important
Differences
21.6.1 Unexpected Features of Prokaryotic
Genomes
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 21.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 21.3
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.12
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.13
21.6 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genomes
Display Common Structural and
Functional Features and Important
Differences
21.6.2 Organizational Patterns of Eukaryotic
Genomes
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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 21.4
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 20-8 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
21.6 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genomes
Display Common Structural and
Functional Features and Important
Differences
21.6.3 The Yeast Genome
21.6.4 Plant Genomes
21.6.5 The Minimum Genome for Living Cells
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21.7 Comparative Genomics Analyzes and
Compares Genomes from Different
Organisms
21.7.1 The Dog as a Model Organism
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.14
21.7 Comparative Genomics Analyzes and
Compares Genomes from Different
Organisms
21.7.2 The Chimpanzee Genome
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 21.5
21.7 Comparative Genomics Analyzes and
Compares Genomes from Different
Organisms
21.7.3 The Rhesus Monkey Genome
21.7.4 The Sea Urchin Genome
21.7.4 Evolution and Function of Multigene Families
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.15
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.16
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.17
21.9 Transcriptome Analysis Reveals
Profiles of Expressed Genes in Cells
and Tissues
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.20
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.21
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.21a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.21b
21.10 Proteomics Identifies and Analyzes
the Protein Composition of Cells
21.10.1 Reconciling the Number of Genes and the
Number of Proteins Expressed by a Cell or
Tissue
21.10.2 Proteomics Technologies: Two-Dimensional
Gel Electrophoresis for Separating Proteins
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.23
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.24
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.24a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.24b
21.10 Proteomics Identifies and Analyzes
the Protein Composition of Cells
21.10.3 Proteomics Technologies: Mass Spectrometry
for Protein Identification
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.25
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.26
21.11 Systems Biology Is an Integrated
Approach to Studying Interactions of
All Components of an Organism’s
Cells
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 21.29
