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Presentation Sf6 Circuit Breaker

This presentation provides an overview of SF6 circuit breakers. It discusses the construction of SF6 circuit breakers, including the fixed and moving contacts enclosed in a chamber containing SF6 gas. It also describes the different types of SF6 circuit breakers and explains how they work by using high pressure SF6 gas to rapidly absorb free electrons and extinguish the electric arc when contacts open. Key advantages of SF6 circuit breakers are their short arcing time and high dielectric strength, while disadvantages include SF6 being a greenhouse gas and requiring high mechanical energy in puffer-type designs.

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Palanisamy R
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511 views19 pages

Presentation Sf6 Circuit Breaker

This presentation provides an overview of SF6 circuit breakers. It discusses the construction of SF6 circuit breakers, including the fixed and moving contacts enclosed in a chamber containing SF6 gas. It also describes the different types of SF6 circuit breakers and explains how they work by using high pressure SF6 gas to rapidly absorb free electrons and extinguish the electric arc when contacts open. Key advantages of SF6 circuit breakers are their short arcing time and high dielectric strength, while disadvantages include SF6 being a greenhouse gas and requiring high mechanical energy in puffer-type designs.

Uploaded by

Palanisamy R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Educational Service : SNR Sons Charitable Trust]


[Autonomous Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade]
[Approved by AICTE and Permanently Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai]
[ISO 9001-2015 Certified and all eligible programs Accredited by NBA]
VATTAMALAIPALAYAM, N.G.G.O. COLONY POST,
COIMBATORE – 641 022.

PRESENTATION
ON
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

BY
PRAKASH.P
1703111
EEE-B
Outline

 Introduction of SF6 Circuit Breaker(CB)


 Construction of SF6 CB
 Types of SF6 CB
 Working of SF6 CB
 Advantages of SF6 CB
 Disadvantages of SF6 CB
Introduction

A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts


operate in sulphur hexafluoride or SF6 gas is known as
an SF6 circuit breaker.

 SF6
has excellent insulating property. SF6 has high electro-
negativity i.e high affinity of absorbing free electron.

 Whenever a free electron collides with the SF6gas


molecule, it is absorbed by that gas molecule and forms a
negative ion.
 The attachment of electron with SF6 gas molecules may
occur in two different ways,These negative ions obviously
much heavier than a free electron and therefore over all
mobility of the charged particle in the SF6 gas is much less
as compared to other common gases.

 We know that mobility of charged particle is majorly


responsible for conducting current through a gas.
 Hence, for heavier and less mobile charged particles in
SF6 gas, it acquires very high dielectric strength.

 Not only the gas has a good dielectric strength but also it
has the unique property of fast recombination after the
source energizing the spark is removed.

 The gas has also very good heat transfer property. Due to
its low gaseous viscosity (because of less molecular
mobility) SF6 gas can efficiently transfer heat by
convection.
 So due to its high dielectric strength and high cooling
effect SF6 gas is approximately 100 times more effective
arc quenching media than air.

 Due to these unique properties of this gas, SF6 circuit


breaker is used in complete range of medium voltage
and high voltage electrical power system.

 Thesecircuit breakers are available for the voltage ranges


from 33KV to 800 KV and even more.
Construction of SF6 Circuit Breaker

 SF6 circuit breaker consists of fixed and moving


contacts enclosed in a chamber.
 The chamber is called arc interruption chamber which
contains the SF6 gas and connected to SF6 gas reservoir.
 A valve mechanism is there to permit the gas to the arc
interruption chamber.
 When the contacts of breaker are opened, the valve
mechanism permits a high pressure SF6 gas from
the reservoir to flow towards the arc interruption
chamber
 The fixed contact is a hollow cylindrical current carrying
contact fitted with an arc horn. The moving contact is also a
hollow cylinder with rectangular holes in the sides.

 The holes permit the SF6 gas to let out through them after
flowing along and across the arc.

 The tips of fixed contact, moving contact and arcing horn


are coated with copper-tungsten arc resistant material.

 Since SF6 gas is costly, it is reconditioned and reclaimed


using suitable auxiliary system after each operation of
breaker.
Types of SF6 CB

 Non-puffer piston circuit breaker

 Single- puffer piston circuit breaker.

 Double-puffer piston circuit breaker.


Working of SF6 CB

 Inthe closed position of the breaker, the contacts remain


surrounded by SF6 gas at a pressure of about 2.8 kg/cm2.

 When the breaker operates, the moving contact is pulled


apart and an arc is struck between the contacts.

 The movement of the moving contact is synchronised


with the opening of a valve which permits SF6 gas at
14 kg/cm2 pressure from the reservoir to the arc
interruption chamber.
 The high pressure flow of SF6 rapidly absorbs the free
electrons in the arc path to form immobile negative ions
which are ineffective as charge carriers.

 The result is that the medium between the contacts


quickly builds up high dielectric strength and causes the
extinction of the arc.

 After the breaker operation (i.e. after arc extinction), the


valve is closed by the action of a set of springs.
Working of puffer type SF6 CB

 Here the piston is fixed but the cylinder is movable. The


cylinder is tied to the moving contact so that for opening the
breaker the cylinder along with the moving contact moves away
from the fixed contact (Fig-A(b)).
 But due to the presence of fixed piston the SF6 gas inside the
cylinder is compressed. The compressed SF6 gas flows through
the nozzle and over the electric arc in axial direction.
 Due to heat convection and radiation the arc radius reduces
gradually and the arc is finally extinguished at current zero. The
dielectric strength of the medium between the separated
contacts increases rapidly and restored quickly as fresh SF6 gas
fills the space.
 While arc quenching, small quantity of SF6 gas is broken down
to some other fluorides of sulphur which mostly recombine to
form SF6 again. A filter is also suitably placed in the interrupter
to absorb the remaining decomposed byproduct.

 The gas pressure inside the cylinder is maintained at around 5


kgf per sq. cm. At higher pressure the dielectric strength of the
gas increases. But at higher pressure the SF6 gas liquify at higher
temperature which is undesired.

 So heater is required to be arranged for automatic control of


the temperature for circuit breakers where higher pressure is
utilised. If the SF6 gas will liquify then it loses the ability to
quench the arc.
Advantages of SF6
Due, to the superior arc quenching properties of SF6 gas,
the SF6 circuit breakers have many advantages over oil or air
circuit breakers which are listed below :
 Due to the superior arc quenching property of SF6, such circuit
breakers have very short arcing time.
 Since the dielectric strength of SF6 gas is 2 to 3 times that
operation due unlike of air, such breakers can interrupt much
larger currents.
 The SF6 circuit breaker gives noiseless operation due its closed
gas circuit and no exhaust to atmosphere unlike the air blast
circuit breaker.
 There is no reduction in dielectric strength because no carbon
particles are formed during arcing.
Disadvantages of SF6 CB

 The SF6 gas is identified as a greenhouse gas, safety regulation


are being introduced in many countries in order to prevent its
release into atmosphere.

 Puffer type design of SF6 CB needs a high mechanical energy


which is almost five times greater than that of oil circuit
breaker.

 SF6 gas is suffocating to some extent. In the case of leakage in


the breaker tank, the SF6 gas being heavier than air and hence
SF6 are settled in the surroundings and lead to the suffocation
of the operating personnel.
CONCLUSION:

 SF6 Circuit breakers are mostly employed for high voltage


application .

 For protection and reliability of an electrical substation of an


electricity generation, transmission and distribution system
where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse
using transformers.

 The countless advantage of this SF6 CB gas has to offer will


take us to new heights in the prevalent power system.
THANK YOU

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