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Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter

UART is a hardware device that converts parallel data to serial data for transmission and serial data to parallel data for reception. It consists of three main modules - a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver. The baud rate generator synchronizes the transmitter and receiver by generating a sampling signal 16 times faster than the baud rate. The transmitter converts parallel input data to a serial output, while the receiver receives serial data and converts it back to parallel. UART is commonly used in serial communication ports to interface between computers and other serial devices.

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29 views10 pages

Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter

UART is a hardware device that converts parallel data to serial data for transmission and serial data to parallel data for reception. It consists of three main modules - a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver. The baud rate generator synchronizes the transmitter and receiver by generating a sampling signal 16 times faster than the baud rate. The transmitter converts parallel input data to a serial output, while the receiver receives serial data and converts it back to parallel. UART is commonly used in serial communication ports to interface between computers and other serial devices.

Uploaded by

mukul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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uart

UNIVERSAL
ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER AND
TRANSMITTER
Contents
• INTRODUCTION
• BAUD RATE GENERATOR
• RECEIVER MODULE
• TRANSMITTER MODULE
• UART BLOCK DIAGRAM
• APPLICATIONS OF UART
INTRODUCTION
• UART OR UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER IS A DEDICATED HARDWARE
ASSOCIATED WITH SERIAL COMMUNICATION. THE
HARDWARE FOR UART CAN BE A CIRCUIT
INTEGRATED ON THE MICROCONTROLLER OR A
DEDICATED IC.
• ASYNCHRONOUS MEANS IT DOES NOT USES
CLOCK .
• THE TRANSMITTER UART RECEIVES PARALLEL
DATA AND CONVERT IT INTO SERIAL DATA WHILE
RECEIVER RECEIVES SERIAL DATA AND CONVERT
INTO PARALLEL DATA .
MODULES OF UART

• BAUD RATE GENERATOR


• TRANSMITTER
• RECEIVER
BAUD RATE GENERATOR
SINCE THERE IS NO CLOCK SIGNAL SO RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER MUST
AGREE TO A CONDITION THAT IS THEY MUST BE SYNCHRONISED .THIS INVOLVES
THE USE OF BAUD RATE (BITS PER SEC).SOME OF THE BAUD RATES ARE
9600,115200 ETC. OUT OF THESE 9600 BPS BAUD RATE IS THE MOST COMMONLY
USED ONE.SO SAMPLING TECHNIQUE HAS TO BE USED IN ORDER TO KNOW THE
RIGHT BIT.
THE MOST COMMON SAMPLING RATE IS 16 TIMES THE BAUD RATE. THIS
SAMPLING SCHEME REMOVES THE FUNCTION OF THE CLOCK. INSTEAD OF
USING RISING EDGE OR FALLING EDGE THE SAMPLING TICKS USED TO ESTIMATE
THE CENTRE OF EACH BIT.
IT GENERATES THE SAMPLING SIGNAL WHOSE FREQUENCY IS 16 TIMES FASTER
THAN UART’S BAUD RATE.
Receiver module

RECEIVER RECEIVES SERIAL DATA AND CONVERT IT INTO PARALLEL DATA. THE
INTERFACE CKT PROVIDES BUFFER BETWEEN UART AND COMPUTER OR FPGA.
BASICALLY THIS INTERFACE CKT IS FIFO.
Transmitter module
• THE TRANSMITTER MODULE CONSISTS OF UART TRANSMITTER,
BAUD RATE GENERATOR AND A INTERFACE CKT (BUFFER CKT).
• ROLES ARE REVERSED FOR THIS INTERFACING CKT ,THE SYSTEM
WRITES THE BUFFER INTERFACING CKT WHILE UART TRANSMITTER
READS THE BUFFER INTERFACING CKT.
• THE TRANSMITTER IS ONLY A SHIFT REGISTER THAT SHIFTS OUT
DATA BITS, SINCE NO SAMPLING IS REQUIRED THE FREQUENCY
OF TICKS IS 16 TIMES SMALLER THAN THAT OF RECEIVER.
HOWEVER INSTEAD OF INTRODUCING ANOTHER COUNTER THE
TRANSMITTER SHARES THE BAUD RATE GENERATOR.
Uart block diagram
Applications of uart
PC SERIAL PORT IS A UART!
Serializes data to be sent over serial cable
De-serializes received data

• THE UART IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR BAUD RATE GENERATION.

• THIS DETERMINES THE SPEED AT WHICH DATA IS TRANSMITTED AND RECEIVED. ONE
BAUD IS ONE BIT PER SECOND (BPS).

Serial
Serial Cable Serial
Port Port
THANK YOU

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